The Role of Sirtuin-1 Isoforms in Regulating Mitochondrial Function.

The sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) gene contains multiple exons that usually undergo alternative splicing. The exclusion of one or more exons causes domain loss in the alternatively spliced isoforms and may change their functions. However, it is not completely established to what extent the loss of a non-catalytic domain could affect its regulatory function.

Short-Term Ingestion of Essential Amino Acid Based Nutritional Supplements or Whey Protein Improves the Physical Function of Older Adults Independently of Gut Microbiome.

Scope: Dietary proteins and essential amino acids (EAAs) are the major nutritional supplements that support the growth and activity of gut microbes contributing to the wellbeing of their host. This study hypothesizes that daily supplementation of the diet with either EAAs or whey protein for 12 weeks would improve the gut microbiome of older adults.

Methods And Results: The stool samples are processed and subjected to Illumina-based 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing.

Valine improves mitochondrial function and protects against oxidative stress.

Among the branched-chain amino acids, leucine and isoleucine have been well studied for their roles in improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. However, role of valine in mitochondrial function regulation and oxidative stress management remains elusive. This study investigated valine effect on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in vitro.

-LPS Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Neuroinflammation through Oxidative Stress.

a key pathogen in periodontitis, is associated with neuroinflammation. Periodontal disease increases with age; 70.1% of adults 65 years and older have periodontal problems.

Quality Improvement in Delirium Health Literacy in Older Adult Patients and Their Caregivers Attending a Geriatric Clinic.

Background: Delirium is a common medical condition that is highly prevalent in older adults who are at increased risk for its development with any illness, post-surgery or during hospitalization. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the health literacy of older adult patients and their caregivers about delirium, offer a brief educational intervention, and reevaluate their knowledge post intervention.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a quality improvement project, focused on delirium health literacy in older adult patients ≥60 years and their caregivers.

A global multicenter propensity-matched analysis of mortality risk and palliative care referral due to cirrhosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background And Aim: A few recent studies identified cirrhosis as a risk factor for high mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Palliative care is less often involved in the management of cirrhosis. We analyzed a global multicenter database to study the risk of mortality and palliative care referrals in patients with COVID-19 and cirrhosis.

Machine Learning Approaches to Classify Primary and Metastatic Cancers Using Tissue of Origin-Based DNA Methylation Profiles.

Metastatic cancers account for up to 90% of cancer-related deaths. The clear differentiation of metastatic cancers from primary cancers is crucial for cancer type identification and developing targeted treatment for each cancer type. DNA methylation patterns are suggested to be an intriguing target for cancer prediction and are also considered to be an important mediator for the transition to metastatic cancer.

Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin in Combination with Piperine Against Rotenone- and Iron Supplement-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Experimental Rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Rotenone is a neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, leading to PD-like symptoms. Quercetin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties but a major drawback is its low bioavailability.

Understanding the binding specificities of mRNA targets by the mammalian Quaking protein.

Mammalian Quaking (QKI) protein, a member of STAR family of proteins is a mRNA-binding protein, which post-transcriptionally modulates the target RNA. QKI protein possesses a maxi-KH domain composed of single heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K homology (KH) domain and C-terminal QUA2 domain, that binds a sequence-specific QKI RNA recognition element (QRE), CUAAC. To understand the binding specificities for different mRNA sequences of the KH-QUA2 domain of QKI protein, we introduced point mutations at different positions in the QRE resulting in twelve different mRNA sequences with single nucleotide change.

Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson's disease: Pathological highlight to management.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3.7% of the population over 65 years of age. PD involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) with deficiency of dopamine.

Mitochondrial dysfunctioning and neuroinflammation: Recent highlights on the possible mechanisms involved in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the injury to the vasculature of brain while trauma caused by physical, chemical and biological stimuli. TBI is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. In this, primary insult leads to secondary injury through the involvement and initiation of various pathological processes.

Evaluation of health potential of nutritionally enriched Kodo millet (Eleusine coracana) grown in Himachal Pradesh, India.

In this study, Kodo millet grains were phytochemically investigated for their nutritional and antioxidant potential for their use as functional foods. Methanolic extracts of grains showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity. TLC studies of the extracted polyphenols from kodo millet showed the predominant presence of ferulic acid and cinnamic acid in the millet.