Construction of pVAX-1-based linear covalently closed vector with improved transgene expression.

Introduction: This study presents a Mammalian Linear Expression System (MLES), a linear covalently closed (LCC) vector based on pVAX-1. The purpose of this system was to improve gene expression in mammalian cells and to test the efficacy of MLES in transient transfection and transgene expression using in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate potential inflammatory responses in vivo.

Biomedical and ecosafety assessment of marine fish collagen capped silver nanoparticles.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesis, the focus has predominantly been on plant-derived sources, leaving the realm of biological or animal origins relatively uncharted. Breaking new ground, our study introduces a pioneering approach: the creation of Ag NPs using marine fish collagen, termed ClAg NPs, and offers a comprehensive exploration of their diverse attributes. To begin, we meticulously characterized ClAg NPs, revealing their spherical morphology, strong crystalline structure, and average diameter of 5 to 100 nm.

Latent Tuberculosis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment, Perspectives, and the Crucial Role of Biomarkers.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, which is caused by a single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For years, many TB control programmes are established for effective diagnosis and treatment of active TB cases, but these approaches alone are insufficient for TB eradication. This review aims to discourse on the crucial management of latent tuberculosis infection.

Cutaneous Manifestations of : A Literature Review.

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that humanity struggled with for centuries and continues to struggle with. The bacteria often infects the lungs through respiratory transmission and manifests itself through various symptoms, including cutaneous infections. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) comprises about 1% to 1.

Biomacromolecules of chitosan - Bacopa saponin based LipL32 gene delivery system for leptospirosis therapy.

Leptospirosis is a severe bacterial infectious disease caused by the organisms belonging to the genus of Leptospira. The chitosan/Bacopa saponin/tripolyphosphate (CS/BS/TPP) nanoparticles conjugated with recombinant DNA vaccines were designed against Leptospirosis. Chitosan, a polysaccharide is suitable for delivery of drug, and gene due to its bio-compatible and biodegradable properties.

Structural basis for the inhibition of SARS-CoV2 main protease by Indian medicinal plant-derived antiviral compounds.

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has caused a major outbreak in humans around the globe, and it became a severe threat to human healthcare than all other infectious diseases. Researchers were urged to discover and test various approaches to control and prevent such a deadly disease. Considering the emergency and necessity, we screened reported antiviral compounds present in the traditional Indian medicinal plants for the inhibition of SARS-CoV2 main protease.

Natural deep eutectic solvent supported targeted solid-liquid polymer carrier for breast cancer therapy.

Solid-liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents. Here, we report a new SLN of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and biotin-conjugated lysine-polyethylene glycol copolymer. The SLN system was analyzed for its functional groups, thermal stability, crystalline nature, particle size, and surface morphology through the instrumental analysis of FT-IR, TGA, XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM.

Versatile pH-Responsive Chitosan-g-Polycaprolactone/Maleic Anhydride-Isoniazid Polymeric Micelle To Improve the Bioavailability of Tuberculosis Multidrugs.

The potential of polymeric micelles constructed by coalescing natural and synthetic polymers for tuberculosis (TB) treatment was evaluated in this work. We designed a polymeric micelle to improve the delivery of anti-TB drugs (rifampicin [RF] and isoniazid [INH]). The polymeric core was synthesized in the following order: initially chitosan (CS) was grafted with polycaprolactone (PCL) to form CS-g-PCL followed by amide bond formation with maleic anhydride-isoniazid (MA-INH); finally, CS-g-PCL was conjugated with the MA-INH moiety to form the CS-g-PCL/MA-INH polymeric core.

Fabrication of bioactive rifampicin loaded κ-Car-MA-INH/Nano hydroxyapatite composite for tuberculosis osteomyelitis infected tissue regeneration.

Biocompatible polymers and ceramic materials have been identified as vital components to fabricate drug delivery and tissue engineering applications because of their high drug loading capability, sustained release and higher mechanical strength with remarkable in-vivo bioavailability. In the present work, initially we designed κ-carrageenan grafted with maleic anhydride and then reacted it with isoniazid drug (κ-Car-MA-INH). The polymeric system was cross linked with nanohydroxyapatite (NHAP) via electrostatic interaction followed by the addition of rifampicin (RF) and loaded to fabricate κ -Car-MA-INH/NHAP/RF nanocomposites.

Protective effect of antigen excess immune complex in guinea pigs infected with .

Background & Objectives: : Immune complexes (ICs) play a crucial role which can either be beneficial or pathological to the host. Involvement of circulating immune complexes (CICs) has been shown in tuberculosis (TB) cases (adults and neonates form), but its immunomodulatory effect has not been studied in vivo. Hence, this study was carried out to understand and explore the prognostic therapeutic potential of CICs on the host immune system in guinea pigs animal TB model.

Neutralization function affected by single amino acid replacement in the HIV-1 antibody targets.

The viral envelope glycoproteins are essential for entry into their host cells and studied extensively for designing vaccines. We hypothesize that the glycosylation on the HIV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein 41(gp41) at critical residues offers viral escape from the specific immune surveillant neutralizing antibodies Z13, 4E10 and 10E8 targeted to their linear epitopes in the Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER). The glycosylation occurring on the 50th residue (Asparagine) contained in the target (NWFNIT) can mask itself to be inaccessible for these neutralizing antibodies.