Introduction Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening metabolic abnormality. The incidence of TLS depends on the underlying malignancy. In a recent analysis of hematological malignancy, the incidence of clinical TLS in children was 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hydraulic properties of expansive soils are affected due to the formation of visible cracks in the dry state. Chemical stabilization coupled with fiber reinforcement is often considered an effective strategy to improve the geotechnical performance of such soils. In this study, hydraulic conductivity tests have been conducted on expansive clay using two different types of fibers (fiber cast (FC) and fiber mesh (FM)) exhibiting different surface morphological properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Travel burden has a substantial psychosocial impact and financial strain on childhood cancer patients and their families.
Aims: To study the geographic distribution of childhood cancer and assess the travel burden for care in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional multi-institutional study that enrolled 1657 children with cancer who were diagnosed between 2011 and 2014.
This study investigated shear strength behaviour of compacted sand-clay mixtures used as liners, with 10%, 20%, and 30% clay contents. A natural high-plasticity and highly expansive clay found in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia was used. A series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests and pore water pressure measurements of saturated samples with various clay contents and confining pressures was conducted using a computer-controlled Bishop and Wesley triaxial cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline mutations in cancer-related genes among children with cancer in highly consanguineous populations is not well studied.
Methods: Whole-exome sequencing of germline DNA was performed in 60 children with acute leukemia. We used the St.
Purpose: Cancer treatment shortages are complex and a persistent problem worldwide. Patients with cancer are most vulnerable to drug shortages, which provides opportunities to examine the extent of the challenge(s) facing Saudi Arabia and to provide recommendations toward mitigating the impact of cancer treatment shortages on patient outcomes.
Materials And Methods: A qualitative methodologic approach was conducted in April 2019 using a validated questionnaire and structured panel discussion for data generation.
Background & Aim: Hereditary cancer susceptibility syndromes (HCSS) are reported in up to one-third of children with cancer. Diagnosis of HCSS is crucial for implementation of surveillance protocols. We identified children who fulfilled criteria for HCSS in Saudi Arabia using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, addressing the utility of these guidelines in a highly consanguineous population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system is characterized by SMARCB1/INI deletion or mutation in the long arm of chromosome 22 11(22q11.2), also resulting in loss of nuclear expression of INI1 protein immunohistochemically. AT/RT tumors usually occur in children below 3 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Treatment modality impacts outcome of childhood low-grade glioma (LGG). Optimizing management in developing countries can be challenging. This study evaluates the clinical characteristics, treatment, and factors influencing outcome of childhood LGG in Saudi Arabia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with mature B non-Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplantation proliferative disorder and acute lymphoblastic leukemia confers a significantly inferior prognosis as compared to patients without CNS disease. Intrathecal (IT) or intraventricular administration of rituximab is an option for this group of patients. We report 25 children with CNS involvement of CD20+ B lymphoid malignancies who received in total 163 IT/intraventricular rituximab doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstroblastoma is a rare brain tumor occurring in children and adults, rarely in the elderly. It constitutes up to 3% of all brain tumors. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with recurrent seizures and minimal right hemiparesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThalassemia syndrome has diverse clinical presentations and a global spread that has far exceeded the classical Mediterranean basin where the mutations arose. The mutations that give rise to either alpha or beta thalassemia are numerous, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical severity ranging from carrier state to life-threatening, inherited hemolytic anemia that requires regular blood transfusion. Beta thalassemia major constitutes a remarkable challenge to health care providers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn N Y Acad Sci
September 2008
Central nervous system tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in this age group. Survival rates have improved significantly over the last decades for most of the tumor types, as a consequence of improvements in neuroimaging, neurosurgery and neuroanesthesia, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. The complexity of the management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach and has led to the emergence of a new subspecialty of pediatric neuro-oncologists who are dedicated to the management and follow-up of this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sevelamer is a phosphate-binder used effectively for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients treated with dialysis.
Objectives: To describe the safety of sevelamer in children with hyperphosphatemia secondary to tumor lysis syndrome and the serum phosphate concentrations observed following its administration.
Procedure: A retrospective chart review of all children with leukemia/lymphoma diagnosed between November 2002 and April 2004 who received sevelamer during their initial admission was conducted.
Synovial sarcoma accounts for between 6 and 10% of childhood sarcomas and histological diagnosis can be challenging, even for experienced pathologists. Several other tumors enter the differential diagnosis, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor and undifferentiated sarcoma. Several recent reports utilizing expression array techniques have documented expression of the MYCN oncogene in synovial sarcoma.
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