[CANCER SURVIVORS - QUESTIONS, CONSIDERATIONS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS].

Objectives: To describe and evaluate the gaps in cancer survivors' treatment in Israel and suggest possible methods of meeting their needs.

Methods: This narrative review explores cancer survivors' unmet needs and global methodologies aiming at meeting them within various health systems.

Results: Cancer survivorship has become a topic of great interest in the past few years.

Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes: A Review.

The following narrative review embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the role played by the gut microbiome within the Diet-Microbiota-Immunity (DMI) tripartite, aiming to enhance anti-cancer immunotherapy efficacy. While revolutionizing cancer treatment, resistance to immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain challenges. The tumor microenvironment (TME), shaped by cancer cells, influences immunotherapy resistance.

Clinical Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unique Cohorts Underrepresented in Clinical Trials.

Regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was based on results of large, randomized clinical trials, resulting in limited outcomes data in patient cohorts typically underrepresented in such trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs in these unique patient cohorts. This is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of real-world data at six academic and community clinics in the United States from 1 January 2011 to 1 April 2018.

The impact of immunosuppressive agents on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in patients with advanced melanoma: A real-world, multicenter, retrospective study.

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are often managed via immunosuppressive agents (ISAs); however, their impact on ICI efficacy is not well studied. The impact of the use of ISAs on ICI efficacy in patients with advanced melanoma was therefore investigated.

Methods: This is a real-world, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced melanoma who received ICIs (n = 370).

The Risk of Opportunistic Infections and the Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients on Checkpoint Inhibitors Requiring Steroids.

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) often require treatment with high-dose systemic steroids (SS) and other immunosuppressive agents (ISAs). NCCN Guidelines recommend prophylactic antibiotics for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) for patients receiving prolonged SS/ISAs. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) and non-OIs and the role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients on SS/ISAs for irAEs.

Comparison of non-myeloablative lymphodepleting preconditioning regimens in patients undergoing adoptive T cell therapy.

Background: Adoptive cell therapy with T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) or tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) demonstrates impressive clinical results in patients with cancer. Lymphodepleting preconditioning prior to cell infusion is an integral part of all adoptive T cell therapies. However, to date, there is no standardization and no data comparing different non-myeloablative (NMA) regimens.

Real World Outcomes of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.

Immunotherapy has drastically changed the outlook for melanoma patients over the past decade. Specifically, the dual blockade of immune checkpoints using ipilimumab and nivolumab has shown unprecedented response rates and survival outcomes. This immense achievement, though, is at the cost of toxicity, with 60% of the patients experiencing high-grade adverse events (AEs).