Non-Polio Enteroviruses Isolated by Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance Laboratories in the Russian Federation in 1998-2021: Distinct Epidemiological Features of Types.

More than 100 types of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are ubiquitous in the human population and cause a variety of symptoms ranging from very mild to meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Much of the information regarding diverse pathogenic properties of NPEVs comes from the surveillance of poliovirus, which also yields NPEV. The analysis of 265 NPEV isolations from 10,433 AFP cases over 24 years of surveillance and more than 2500 NPEV findings in patients without severe neurological lesions suggests that types EV-A71, E13, and E25 were significantly associated with AFP.

Recombinant TBEV Protein E of the Siberian Subtype Is a Candidate Antigen in the ELISA Test System for Differential Diagnosis.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most common members of the genus, which comprises the causative agents of severe diseases in humans and animals. Due to the expanding areas of orthoflavivirus infection, its differential diagnosis is highly demanded. Commercial test kits based on inactivated TBEV may not provide reliable differentiation between flaviviruses because of serological crossover in this genus.

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in a child: fast transformation from Sabin-like virus to vaccine-derived poliovirus triggered an epidemiological response in two countries of the European region.

Objectives: The detection of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) requires an epidemiological assessment and response. Using repeated stool sampling from a child who is immunocompetent and was vaccinated against poliomyelitis with acute flaccid paralysis, a case of an extremely rapid evolution of Sabin-like poliovirus (PV) type 3 was traced in the child's body.

Methods: The case was independently identified in two countries-Tajikistan and Russia.

Cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Coxsackievirus A2: Findings of a 20-Year Surveillance in the Russian Federation.

Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis syndrome (AFP) in children under 15 is the backbone of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Laboratory examination of stool samples from AFP cases allows the detection of, along with polioviruses, a variety of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). The etiological significance of these viruses in the occurrence of AFP cases has been definitively established only for enteroviruses A71 and D68.

[Guillain-Barre syndrome with cranial nerve damage as complication of COVID-19].

The article presents a clinical example of Guillain-Barre syndrome with a predominant involvement of cranial nerves, which developed after COVID-19. Comprehensive clinical and laboratory diagnostics, including examination of cerebrospinal fluid, electromyography, examination for possible etiological infectious agents, was carried out. A course of pathogenetic therapy was used in the form of plasmapheresis sessions, supportive therapy.

[Features of clinical picture of Herpes zoster in infants].

Objective: To study clinical characteristics of Herpes zoster in infants.

Material And Methods: Children underwent routine clinical/neurological, and laboratory/instrumental examinations (composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the level of specific antibodies in the blood and CSF assessed by ELISA, MRI of the brain and cervical spine and spinal cord with contrast enhancement).

Results And Conclusion: Two rare cases of disease are reported: 1) a 3-month girl with polymorphic rash appeared on the skin and monoparesis of the left hand, 2) a 5-month girl due to infection with the varicella-zoster (VZ) virus occurred intrauterine.

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the Russian Federation in 1998-2014.

Objectives: Different polio vaccination schemes have been used in Russia: oral polio vaccine (OPV) was used in 1998-2007 and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) followed by OPV in 2008-2014. This article presents the characteristics of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases in Russia during this period.

Methods: VAPP cases were identified through the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system, classified by the National Expert Classification Committee.

[A case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in an infant].

Aim: To present the clinical history, vaccination status, features of the clinical picture, composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), results of laboratory and instrumental examinations of a patient with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP).

Material And Methods: In 2017, a child, aged 15 month, mistakenly vaccinated with the first dose of bivalent (types 1 & 3) polioviruses oral vaccine (OPV) was followed up.

Results And Conclusion: Clinical parameters of VAPP in the recipient of OPV are considered.

[Approach for identifying of treatment option for pediatric patients in Guillain-Barre syndrome considering results of pharmacoeconomic analysis].

Aim: A pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct costs on treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and plasmapheresis (PP) in children.

Material And Methods: Literature data on the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) were analyzed. The results of pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct costs on treatment of GBS using IVIG and PP are presented.

[VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING THE PERIOD OF CHANGES IN VACCINATION SCHEDULE (2006-2013 yy.)].

The results of virologic testing of clinical materials and epidemiological analysis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases obtained in 2006-2013 during AFP surveillance are presented. Among the 2976 cases of AFP 30 cases were VAPP. 15 cases were observed in OPV recipients, whereas 15 cases were observed in non-vaccinated contacts.

A Cluster of Paralytic Poliomyelitis Cases Due to Transmission of Slightly Diverged Sabin 2 Vaccine Poliovirus.

Unlabelled: Four cases of acute flaccid paralysis caused by slightly evolved (Sabin-like) vaccine polioviruses of serotype 2 were registered in July to August 2010 in an orphanage of Biysk (Altai Region, Russia). The Biysk cluster of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) had several uncommon, if not unique, features. (i) Until this outbreak, Sabin-like viruses (in distinction to more markedly evolved vaccine-derived polioviruses [VDPVs]) were reported to cause only sporadic cases of VAPP.

The 2010 outbreak of poliomyelitis in Tajikistan: epidemiology and lessons learnt.

A large outbreak of poliomyelitis, with 463 laboratory-confirmed and 47 polio-compatible cases, took place in 2010 in Tajikistan. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral VP1 gene suggested a single importation of wild poliovirus type 1 from India in late 2009, its further circulation in Tajikistan and expansion into neighbouring countries, namely Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Whole-genome sequencing of 14 isolates revealed recombination events with enterovirus C with cross-overs within the P2 region.