Relationship of anthropometric measures with Knee Osteoarthritis in diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine the frequency of knee osteoarthritis in adult patients with Diabetes mellitus and its association with body mass index (BMI) in kg/m and waist circumference (WC).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional comparative study at a tertiary hospital based in an industrial area of Karachi. Patient population comprised of all adult diabetic subjects.

Occipital seizures and persistent homonymous hemianopia with T2 hypointensity on MRI in nonketotic hyperglycemia.

Introduction: Nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) is known to cause focal motor or secondarily generalized seizures. Occipital seizures in NKH are seldom reported, especially with visual hallucinations and persistent homonymous hemianopia (HH) with characteristic radiological and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings.

Summary: Our patient was a middle-aged man who presented with a new onset, single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure and NKH.

Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients in low socioeconomic strata in Pakistan.

Background: Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes in the upper limb are well recognized. No data has been available in this regard from Pakistan. Our aim was to find out the frequency of upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in diabetic patients.

Pulmonary tuberculosis with neuromyelitis optica: an uncommon association of a common disease.

Systemic tuberculosis has been reported with varying neurological manifestations like meningitis, tuberculomas, myositis and neuropathy. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a well known neurological entity which has been described in association with several systemic disorders like systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, exposure to insecticides etc. However, only a few cases of NMO have been reported in association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: an atypical astrocytoma.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is rare primary neoplasm of brain. Despite its pleomorphic appearance, it has a relatively good prognosis. We report a case of biopsy proven pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in a young male who presented with visual and sensory symptoms, classical neuroimaging findings and showed remarkable recovery, post surgery.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: association with primary varicella zoster virus infection.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been known to cause cerebral arterial vasculopathy and an acquired antibody-mediated coagulopathy associated with purpura fulminans and generalized thromboembolism. There are no published reports of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) associated with primary VZV infection. We report 2 cases that highlight an unusual presentation of VZV infection: CVST with primary varicella infection.

Frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Objective: To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from June 2007 - June 2008.

Clinical spectrum of post-stroke seizures.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of post-stroke seizures and compare these in early vs. late post-stroke seizures.

Study Design: Observational study.

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy.

Posterior Leukoencephalopathy is a rare, though reversible complication of eclampsia. We report two cases, in which patients with eclampsia presented with seizures, visual disturbances and focal neurological signs with high intensity areas predominantly in parieto-occipital white matter on cranial MRI, where successful control of blood pressures led to complete resolution of neurological deficits as well as radiological abnormalities. It is an infrequently recognized neurological disorder, not known to many physicians, which has almost complete recovery with early diagnosis and treatment.