Posterior Sinuplasty: A New Strategy for Managing Hydrocolpos in Cloaca-Case Series.

We present a simple surgical technique aiming to improve urine outflow through the common urogenital sinus in cloaca and facilitate drainage of existing hydrocolpos. The study included three cases of cloaca with associated hydrocolpos that were operated during the period 2022 through 2023. The patient is placed in the prone position for a standard posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.

Postnatal imaging of conjoined twins: a customized multimodality approach.

Medical imaging plays a crucial role in the management of conjoined twins. The role of imaging is to explore the anatomy, outline the shared organs and determine whether surgery is feasible. It also serves as a roadmap for successful separation.

Cloaca-Like Anomalies in the Male: A Report on Two Cases.

"Cloaca" is a term used to describe an anomaly in the female where a single orifice is located in the perineum draining both urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. Few reports used the same term "cloaca" to describe the counterpart anomaly in the male. We present two "male" cases of anorectal anomalies associated with significant penile deformity (caudally displaced penis) that were managed during the period between January 2010 and September 2021.

Clinical Characteristics and Pulmonary Computerized Imaging Findings of Critically Ill Egyptian Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

This study was carried out to delineate the patients' characteristics and the imaging findings and their relation to some biochemical markers of 31 critically ill patients with MIS-C. A retrospective cross-sectional study including all critically ill MIS-C patients admitted to the PICU from June 23rd to July 22nd, 2020. Eighteen males and 13 females, with a median age of 9 years (interquartile range 6-11) presented mainly with fever (100%) and hypotension (100%).

Differential diagnostic features between congenital haemangioma, KHE, and congenital fibrosarcoma: a single-centre experience.

Congenital haemangioma (CH) is a rare benign vascular tumour presenting at birth with excellent prognosis. Usually, CH regresses without treatment within the first few months of life. Kaposiform Haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is another type of vascular tumours that has been described as benign with locally aggressive potential.

Posterior Mediastinal and Cutaneous Back Hemangiomas in Infants: A New Association.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common vascular tumors. In most cases, a benign course with favorable outcome can be anticipated. IH typically present as cutaneous lesions either with a localized or diffuse segmental distribution.

Posterior cloaca: A urogenital rather than anorectal anomaly.

Background: 'Persistent Cloaca' refers to one of the major groups of anorectal anomalies in the female when a single perineal orifice is located at the normal site of the urethra draining both urogenital and alimentary tracts. However, 'posterior cloaca' is a new term developed by Pena to describe a unique defect in females in which a common urogenital sinus is deviated posteriorly to open into normally located anorectum (type A) or in the perineum slightly anterior to the anus (type B).

Methods: The study included seven girls diagnosed as posterior cloaca.

Sirolimus: A Rescue Drug to Control Complications of Extensive Venous Malformation.

Venous malformations represent a major sector of vascular anomalies. Most cases are asymptomatic or subclinical; however, large extensive lesions can cause severe disability and sometimes mortality. In this report, we present a successful case of sirolimus treatment in managing an extensive venous malformation in the pelvis of a 21-month-old boy who presented with life-threatening complications.

Strain analysis using feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) in the assessment of myocardial viability in chronic ischemic patients.

The purpose of this study is to test the capability of a commercially available feature tracking-cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) strain analysis software module in differentiating between viable and non-viable myocardium in chronic ischemic patients. Thirty chronic ischemic patients and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Cine images were used for peak circumferential and radial strains quantification using dedicated FT-CMR software.

Transformation of the female genitalia in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: MRI study.

Purpose: In this report, we aim to define the different degrees of structural abnormality affecting the female genitalia in cases of CAH by using the multiplanar capabilities and high soft tissue resolution of MRI.

Patients And Methods: The study included cases of CAH who were referred to our pediatric surgical facility for genital reconstruction during the period 2016 through 2019. We studied the pelvic MRI anatomy in cases of CAH while referring to clinical and operative findings.

Correlation between diffusion tensor imaging measures and the reading and cognitive performance of Arabic readers: dyslexic children perspective.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures and the reading, spelling, writing, rapid naming, memory, and motor abilities in Arabic dyslexic children. This could verify the influence of possible white matter alterations on the abilities of those children.

Methods: Twenty native Arabic-speaking children with dyslexia (15 males and 5 females; 8.

Currarino Triad: Importance of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Currarino triad is a rare syndrome that may be occasionally encountered during managing cases of anorectal anomalies. The triad consists of anorectal anomaly, sacral bony defect, and a presacral mass. It may be familial or sporadic, with a reported female predominance.

Colonic replacement of the esophagus: towards standardization of the technique.

Since we have started colonic replacement of the esophagus in children, several successive modifications have led to evolution of the surgical technique aiming to decrease complications and achieve the best functional outcome. Currently, our surgical group has reached a single standardized technique that has been applied to all cases included in this report. A colonic flap (including the transverse colon) is prepared based on the left colic vessels.

Late Diagnosis of Complete Colonic and Rectal Duplication in a Girl with an Anorectal Malformation.

Complete colonic duplication is rare, and usually occurs as a part of the caudal duplication syndrome. In such cases, the diagnosis is clinically evident by the presence of two ani arranged side by side in the perineum, which is commonly associated with duplication of the external genitalia as well (double phallus or double vestibule). In this report, we present a special case of anorectal anomaly that was associated with complete tubular colonic duplication.

The cloacal anomalies: Anatomical insights through a complex spectrum.

Purpose: To study the detailed anatomy of cloacal anomalies using the multiplanar capabilities of MRI in addition to other available modalities.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted on 27 cases of cloaca that were managed at our unit during the last 12 years. Preoperative assessment included conventional investigations and MRI studies.

The value of CSF flow studies in the management of CSF disorders in children: a pictorial review.

CSF flow disorders are frequently encountered in children. The advent of MR technology with the emergence of new pulse sequences allowed better understanding of CSF flow dynamics. In this pictorial review, we aim to conduct a comprehensive review of the MR protocol used to study CSF flow disorders and to discuss the utility of each pulse sequence in the adopted protocol.

Magnetic resonance imaging of developmental facial paresis: a spectrum of complex anomalies.

Purpose: Despite its clinical implications, the MRI features of developmental facial paresis (DFP) were described in a few case reports. This study aims to describe MRI features of DFP in relation to the embryological development with a proposed radiological new grading system.

Methods: The clinical records and MRI of the brain and internal auditory canal of 11 children with DFP were retrospectively reviewed.

Phase-contrast and three-dimensional driven equilibrium (3D-DRIVE) sequences in the assessment of paediatric obstructive hydrocephalus.

Background: Recently, most cases of hydrocephalus are related to obstruction. Accurate localization of the site of obstruction is crucial in determination of the treatment strategy.

Purpose: To describe the phase-contrast and 3D-DRIVE findings in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus in paediatric patients and to determine their functional and anatomical correlates.

Anatomical alterations following the 'PSARP' procedure: Correlating MRI findings with continence scores.

Purpose: To identify anatomical aberrations following PSARP procedure by using MRI, while correlating MRI findings to clinical outcome.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2017, we conducted our study on male patients with rectourethral fistula who underwent PSARP. Postoperative pelvic MRI studies were performed and correlated to their clinical continence scores (Rintala, and Krickenbeck classification).

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: spectrum of imaging findings with emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore brain abnormalities in nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and when feasible, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography.

Methods: Seven patients with confirmed diagnosis of NKH (8 days-2 years) underwent brain MRI. Conventional T1 and T2WI were acquired in all patients, DWI in six and DTI and tractography in two (4 months and 2 years).

Age-related changes of white matter association tracts in normal children throughout adulthood: a diffusion tensor tractography study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to study the age, gender and lateral asymmetry-related white matter changes of long association tracts throughout late childhood and adolescence into adulthood using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Methods: DTT was performed in 44 healthy subjects aged 7-45 years. Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), Trace, density and volume were calculated for long association tracts, namely the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and its arcuate fibres.

The Currarino triad: What pediatric surgeons need to know.

Purpose: We report our experience in managing a group of patients with Currarino syndrome, highlighting diagnostic challenges, surgical techniques, in addition to a review of current neurosurgical options.

Patients And Methods: The study included patients with Currarino syndrome who presented to our pediatric surgery department during the period 2010 through 2016. The 'sacral scimitar' in plain X-ray provided the clue for the diagnosis; while MRI examination was essential to define the nature of the presacral mass and associated spinal anomalies.

Low-type anorectal malformations in the male: Extent of deviation from the norm.

Purpose: To define the degree of deviation from the norm among boys with minor forms of anorectal malformations (ARM).

Patients And Methods: Between March 2015 and January 2016, we studied the preoperative MRI of nine boys with low-type ARM. For comparison, we included another nine boys (control group) who underwent MRI pelvis for causes other than ARM (e.

The radiological assessment of colonic replacement of the esophagus in children: A review of 43 cases.

Purpose: To define the characteristic radiological features following colonic replacement of the esophagus in children.

Materials And Methods: The upper gastro-intestinal contrast studies of 43 patients who underwent colonic replacement of the esophagus at our pediatric surgery unit were available for analysis. UGI contrast studies were performed routinely in the post-surgical period in 17 cases (first asymptomatic group), while the rest of contrast studies (26) belonged to a second group of out-patients complaining of dysphagia (18) or dyspepsia (8) following colonic replacement of the esophagus.