Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Oesophageal Perforation: A Review.

Oesophageal perforation (OP) is a life-threatening condition and refers to a tear or disruption in the oesophageal wall. It is considered a medical emergency due to its significant implications, often related to its various causes, such as iatrogenic perforation during endoscopy, Boerhaave syndrome, traumatic injury, foreign body ingestion, and tumour perforation. Early interventions, diagnosis, and a thorough physical examination are essential for better clinical outcomes.