Lymphatic vessel assessment by podoplanin (D2-40) immunohistochemistry in breast cancer.

Context: Lymph node metastasis has an important bearing on the staging of breast cancer. Lymph node metastasis occurs by hematogenous and lymphatic spread. The hematogenous and lymphatic spread can be quantified by the blood vessel and lymphatic vessel density in the intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral zone by specific markers for blood vessels and lymph vessels.

Lipoleiomyoma of uterus and lipoma of broad ligament--a rare entity.

Lipoleiomyoma of uterus are a rare variant of uterine leiomyoma. Clinically the symptoms are indistinguishable from an ordinary leiomyoma. It is diagnosed pre-operatively as leiomyoma or mature ovarian teratoma.

Idiopathic renal replacement lipomatosis: a rare renal pseudo tumor.

Renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL) is a rare condition that occurs as an end result of renal atrophy or destruction of renal parenchyma by excessive lipomatous tissue in renal sinus and perinephric space. We report a case of RRL presenting as a right renal mass clinically. Intra-venous pyelography and renal scan revealed a left non-functioning kidney.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a rare entity with review of literature.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) represents a rare variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MCRCC has been recognized as a separate subtype of RCC in the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adult renal tumors. MCRCC is diagnosed on the basis of strict histological criteria according to 2004 WHO classification.