Management of Internal Disc Derangement Using Normal Saline and Sodium Hyaluronate: A Comparative Study.

Background: Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the unadorned form of surgical therapy which comprises of lavage of inflammatory enzymes and mediators and improve joint mobility and eliminate pain by pressure of the lavage solution in the upper compartment of TMJ.

Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess and compare the effectiveness of arthrocentesis with normal saline alone and in conjunction with sodium hyaluronate (SH) injection in the treatment of internal derangement of the TMJ.

Methodology: Sixty patients with internal derangement of the TMJ were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group 1 was performed with normal saline and Group 2 with normal saline followed by 1 ml of SH.

Synthesis, isolation, identification and characterization of new process-related impurity in isoproterenol hydrochloride by HPLC, LC/ESI-MS and NMR.

One unknown impurity (Imp-II) during the analysis of laboratory batches of isoproterenol hydrochloride was detected in the level ranging from 0.04% to 0.12% by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

Potential impurities of anxiolytic drug, clobazam: Identification, synthesis and characterization using HPLC, LC-ESI/MS and NMR.

During the optimization of process, eight impurities (CLB Imp-A to CLB Imp-H) were detected in few of the laboratory batches of clobazam, used as anxiolytic agent, in the range of 0.02-0.12% using gradient HPLC method with UV detection.

Four process-related potential new impurities in ticagrelor: Identification, isolation, characterization using HPLC, LC/ESI-MS(n), NMR and their synthesis.

Five process-related impurities were detected in the range of 0.08-0.22% in ticagrelor laboratory batches by HPLC and LC-MS methods.

Identification, isolation and characterization of potential process-related impurity and its degradation product in vildagliptin.

Vildagliptin is a member of a new class of oral anti-diabetic drug. One unknown impurity was identified in the range of 0.01-0.

A new commercially viable synthetic route for donepezil hydrochloride: anti-Alzheimer's drug.

An economical new process has been developed for the synthesis of donepezil hydrochloride (1) an anti-Alzheimer's drug. The process involves Darzen reaction of pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and 2-bromo-5,6-dimethoxy indanone affording epoxide 5,6-dimethoxy-3-(pyridine-4-yl)spiro[indene-2,2'-oxiran]-1(3H)-one (4) as a key intermediate. The one-pot deoxygenation of 4 and hydrogenation of the aryl moiety in high yield improved the overall yield of the process.