Hyperglycemia-induced miR182-5p drives glycolytic and angiogenic response in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and RPE cells via depleting FoxO1.

Purpose: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is associated with metabolic dysfunction in cells such as retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Small molecular weight microRNAs can simultaneously regulate multiple gene products thus having pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. Since miR182-5p is involved in regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis, two pathologic processes of DR, we investigated its status in DR eyes and in high glucose model in vitro.

Distinct gene expression profiles underlie morphological and etiological differences in pediatric cataracts.

Purpose: Pediatric cataract is a major cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Although genetic mutations or infections have been described in patients, the mechanistic basis of human cataract development remains poorly understood. Therefore, gene expression of structural, developmental, profibrotic, and transcription factors in phenotypically and etiologically distinct forms of pediatric cataracts were evaluated.

Correlation of Clinical and Biomechanical Outcomes of Accelerated Crosslinking (9 mW/cm in 10 minutes) in Keratoconus with Molecular Expression of Ectasia-Related Genes.

Purpose: To assess visual, keratometry, densitometry, and corneal deformation outcomes after accelerated crosslinking (CXL) and its association with gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins.

Methods: 33 eyes underwent accelerated CXL (9 mW/cm for 10 minutes) after epithelium removal. Refraction, visual acuity, keratometry, corneal densitometry, and deformation (Corvis-ST) were assessed before and 6 months after surgery.

Detection of G-quadruplex DNA using primer extension as a tool.

DNA sequence and structure play a key role in imparting fragility to different regions of the genome. Recent studies have shown that non-B DNA structures play a key role in causing genomic instability, apart from their physiological roles at telomeres and promoters. Structures such as G-quadruplexes, cruciforms, and triplexes have been implicated in making DNA susceptible to breakage, resulting in genomic rearrangements.