Molecular basis of sepsis: A New insight into the role of mitochondrial DNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern.

Sepsis remains a critical challenge in the field of medicine, claiming countless lives each year. Despite significant advances in medical science, the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis pathogenesis remain elusive. Understanding molecular sequelae is gaining deeper insights into the roles played by various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in disease pathogenesis.

Pancreatic tuberculosis mimicking as pancreatic malignancy: Surgeon's dilemma.

Pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare form of Tuberculosis (TB) which requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose. Here, we report a case of middle-aged gentleman presenting with abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms who was diagnosed with pancreatic tuberculosis on imaging, which was confirmed by Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) from the lesion. The patient was given Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) as per conventional protocol.

Trends in childhood immunisation amongst Muslim children of Punjab (India): An empirical study.

India's immunisation programme is one of the largest in the world and achieved great success over the years, however, some significant gaps are still observable in terms of achieving universal immunisation of children. Religion has emerged as a strong correlate for immunisation rates at national, state and global level. It has been observed that the rate of immunisation among children from Muslim families is comparatively less at global as well as at national level.

Analysis of human thermoregulatory mechanisms using 2-D computational model.

A numerical investigation is reported comparing various human thermoregulation mechanisms under hot and cold stress. The passive system of the developed model consists of 12 spherical/cylindrical segments and is modeled using the Pennes bioheat equation and finite difference method. The active system accounts for all regulatory responses, including the counter current heat exchange between veins and arteries; the respiratory heat loss; and threshold, gain, and maximum intensity of response mechanisms.

Knowledge and Behavior toward Venous Thromboembolism Event Prophylaxis and Treatment Protocols among Medical Interns in Riyadh.

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge and behavior toward venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among medical interns.

Methods: This is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional observational cohort study of medical interns that used a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of items that assessed behavior, knowledge, and self-assessment of VTE risk factors, diagnosis, and prophylaxis.

Artificial intelligence: A new tool in surgeon's hand.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the future of surgery. Technological advancements are taking place at an incredible pace, largely due to AI or AI-backed systems. It is likely that there will be a massive explosion or "Cambrian explosion" of AI in our everyday life, largely aided by increased funding and resources spent on research and development.

Stentolith in Bile Duct: A Neglected Entity-Case Report with Review of Literature.

Stentolith is a forgotten stent that acts as a nidus for stone formation leading to a stone-stent complex. Once the planned procedure is completed, these stents should be removed within 4 to 6 weeks, but if they are required for a longer period, then they should be replaced every 3 to 6 months. Devastating complications may ensue -such as cholangitis, biliary stricture, or secondary biliary cirrhosis.

Fabrication of Decellularized Amnion and Chorion Scaffolds to Develop Bioengineered Cell-Laden Constructs.

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) holds great promise for managing several clinical conditions. However, the low engraftment efficiency and obscurity to harvest these cells without compromising the cellular viability, structural and functional properties from the culture niche still remain major obstacles for preparing intact regenerative constructs. Although few studies have demonstrate different methods for generating cell-liberated amniotic scaffolds, a common method for producing completely cell-liberated amnion (D-HAM) and chorion (D-HCM) scaffolds and their cytocompatibility with hMSCs yet to be demonstrated.

Density of Bismuth Boro Zinc Glasses Using Machine Learning Techniques.

Machine learning techniques have been employed to predict the glass densities of xBiO-(70 - x)BO-20LiO-5SbO-5ZnO glasses using a data set of 2000 various BO rich glasses using their chemical composition and ionic radius. The experimental density of present glasses strongly depends on BiO content which is increasing with bismuth content. The increasing density in bismuth doped glasses because the BO are converted into BO units, and besides BO units are less heavy than the BO units.

Biofabrication of allogenic bone grafts using cellularized amniotic scaffolds for application in efficient bone healing.

Introduction: The reconstruction/regeneration of human bone injuries/defects represents a crucial challenge due to the lack of suitable bio/immune compatible and implantable biological grafts. The available strategies represent implications of several types of grafting materials in the form of metals, synthetic, and various kinds of biological scaffolds; however, the lack of appropriate biological components required for activating and enhancing repair mechanisms at the lesion-site limits their wider applicability.

Methods: In this study, a unique approach for generating human osteogenic implantable grafts was developed using biofabrication technology.

Assessing the readiness of hospitals in Riyadh Province for efficient and timely stroke management: A pilot study.

Objectives: To assess the readiness of hospitals in Riyadh to establish acute stroke centers by following the Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management.

Methods: This study was a quantitative cross-sectional observational study conducted among hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia (Jan 2018 - April 2018). A self-administered questionnaire/survey tool was adapted from an Australian survey developed by the Stroke Foundation in Melbourne, Australia.

Impact of Sense of Coherence on Oral Health among Bus Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim And Objectives: To assess the sense of coherence (SOC) and the impact of SOC on oral hygiene behaviors and oral health status among bus drivers in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during August-September 2017. Cluster random sampling methodology was used for the selection of drivers.

An Integrated Quantitative Index for Measuring Chronic Multisite Pain: The Multiple Areas of Pain (MAP) Study.

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of chronic multisite pain, there is little consensus on methods to characterize it. Commonly used assessments report only one dimension of pain, that is, intensity, thus ignoring the spatial aspect of pain. We developed a novel pain quantification index, the Integrated Pain Quantification Index (IPQI), on a scale of 0 to 1 that integrates multiple distinct pain measures into a single value, thus representing multidimensional pain information with a single value.

Lumbar Epidural Blood Patch via a Caudal Catheter After Surgical Dural Tear and Failed Repair: A Case Report.

We report a patient who developed a positional headache and pseudomeningocele after multiple lumbar surgeries for low back and radicular pain. An epidural blood patch via a lumbar approach was not feasible as a result of distorted lumbar anatomy after multiple back surgeries. An epidural blood patch was performed via catheter-threaded cephalad from a caudal approach.

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Study of a Pregnant Female.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a form of neuromodulation, used to treat chronic neuropathic pain refractory to conventional medical management. Spinal cord stimulators are treatment options when intractable chronic pain has not responded to more conventional treatment modalities. Currently, the use of SCS is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Dexmedetomidine versus esmolol to attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind clinical study.

Context: Sympathoadrenal response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation manifests as transient, but distinct tachycardia and hypertension.

Aims: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine with esmolol and control in attenuating the presser response during laryngoscopy.

Settings And Design: A randomized, prospective, double-blind, controlled study.

Benzopyran derivatives as cardio-selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers: a review.

Benzopyran derivatives are the potassium channel openers (KCOs) having antihypertensive, cardio-protective, myocardial protectors, powerful peripheral vasodilators and anti-ischemic activity. Their usage as anti-ischemic including angina, hypertension and diabetes is thought to be due to the stimulation of KATP channels which are contemplated to produce vasorelaxation and myocardial protection. It is observed that potassium channels are involved in mediating the cardio-protective effects of pre-conditioning in animal models and man.

Antidiabetic Activity of Vinca rosea Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Vinca rosea methanolic whole plant extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats for 14 days. The methanolic whole plant extract at high dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity than whole plant extract at low dose (300 mg/kg) in diabetic rats. The methanolic extracts also showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profile as well as regeneration of beta-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats.

Sympathectomy for complex regional pain syndrome.

Background: With the easier and earlier recognition of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a reappraisal of its therapy, particularly the role and timing of sympathectomy, is warranted.

Patients And Methods: Over a 9-year period, 42 patients with CRPS type II of the upper extremity were referred for sympathectomy. Patients were categorized according to the duration of the symptoms (group I, <3 months; group II, >3 months).