Evaluation of Remineralizing Capacity of Tricalcium Phosphate, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Ozone Remineralizing Agents on the Artificial Carious Lesion.

Background: Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated.

Endodontic Management of Mandibular Second Premolar with Vertucci Root Canal Configuration Type V.

The diversity of root canal anatomy in permanent dentition is quite common. Understanding the basic anatomy of the root canal morphology and its variations is particularly important for successful root canal treatment. Mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental interns in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic recognized by the World Health Organization. It has a significant impact on Saudi Arabia's educational process, resulting in several universities suspending on-campus teaching, exams, and training.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on dental students' examination, internship placement, and subsequent impact on preparedness and confidence.

Effects of fasting on patients with chronic kidney disease during Ramadan and practical guidance for healthcare professionals.

There are an estimated 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, with the majority of them choosing to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting, which requires abstinence from food and drink from dawn to sunset can be up to 20 h per day during the summer months in temperate regions.

ANCA-associated renal vasculitis is associated with rurality but not seasonality or deprivation in a complete national cohort study.

Background: Small studies suggest an association between ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) incidence and rurality, seasonality and socioeconomic deprivation. We examined the incidence of kidney biopsy-proven AAV and its relationship with these factors in the adult Scottish population.

Methods: Using the Scottish Renal Biopsy Registry, all adult native kidney biopsies performed between 2014 and 2018 with a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) were identified.

A National Registry Study of Patient and Renal Survival in Adult Nephrotic Syndrome.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the mortality rate, cause of death, and rate of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in adults with nephrotic syndrome (NS).

Methods: We conducted a national registry-based study, including all 522 adults who had a kidney biopsy for NS in Scotland in 2014-2017. We linked the Scottish Renal Registry to death certificate data.

The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for male lower urinary tract surgery.

Introduction: In the development of terminology of the lower urinary tract (LUT), due to its increasing complexity, the terminology for male LUT surgery needs to be updated using a male-specific approach and via a clinically-based consensus report.

Methods: This report combines the input of members of the Standardization Committee of the International Continence Society in a Working Group with recognized experts in the field, assisted by many external referees. Appropriate core clinical categories and a subclassification were developed to give a numeric coding to each definition.

Transgenic Analysis Reveals 5' Abbreviated OsRGLP2 Promoter(s) as Responsive to Abiotic Stresses.

Germins and germin-like proteins are ubiquitous, expressed at various developmental stages and in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, to functionally validate the OsRGLP2 promoter, 5' deletion analysis of the promoter sequences was performed and the deletion fragments fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein reporter genes were used for transient expression in tobacco as well as for generating stable transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Very high level of GUS activity was observed in agroinfiltrated tobacco leaves by the construct carrying the P-1063 and P-565 when subjected to abiotic stresses.

Spontaneous rupture of the bladder during vomiting.

A 46-year-old woman with no urological history or comorbidities presented with an acute abdomen with haematuria after a spell of protracted vomiting. The initial cystogram was negative; however, CT imaging highly suggested an intraperitoneal bladder perforation, which was confirmed during laparotomy and subsequently repaired. Cystoscopic evaluation prior to laparotomy revealed no concurrent bladder pathology, and the ureteric orifices were intact.

Intraurethral bulking agents for the management of female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The object of this review was to assess the efficacy and safety of urethral bulking agents (UBA), principally Macroplastique and Bulkamid, in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: MEDLINE® and EMBASE® databases were systematically searched up to June 2016. Year of publication, study type, outcome measures, urodynamics before and after the procedure, number of participants, procedure complications, proportion requiring repeat injections or surgical procedures, frequency of follow-up, and results were analysed.

Touch not the cat bot a glove*: ANCA-positive pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis secondary to Bartonella henselae.

A 36-year-old male presented with a secondary, but anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) (proteinase-3) positive, vasculitis with renal insufficiency due to a pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis. An infective process was initially excluded by blood cultures and an echocardiogram prior to immunosuppression. The patient's condition failed to improve and re-evaluation confirmed infective endocarditis requiring valve replacement.

Multiplex PCR assay for identification of commonly used disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains.

The success of Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation depends to a certain extent on appropriate selection of the A. tumefaciens strain for a particular plant species. Many stages in a plant transformation procedure are prone to bacterial contamination with similar antibiotic resistance that may compromise the identity of the A.

Effectiveness of submucosal dexamethasone to control postoperative pain & swelling in apicectomy of maxillary anterior teeth.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of submucosal dexamethasone injection to control postoperative pain and swelling in apicectomy of maxillary anterior teeth.

Methods: A randomized, controlled trial comprising 60 adult patients (68.3% male, 31.

Evidence of recombination in the Banana bunchy top virus genome.

Viruses serve as good model for evolutionary studies, owing to their short generation times and small genomes. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a significant subject being multicomponent circular single stranded DNA virus. BBTV belongs to family Nanoviridae and contains DNA-R, -U3, -S, -M, -C, and -N as integral genomic components.

Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the emerging role of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) in the management of bladder cancer.

Methods: Review of the published literature on robotic-assisted radical cystectomy, including data from our cystectomy series of 30 patients.

Results: Nearly 150 procedures have been performed worldwide.

Chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy: a case report.

Introduction: Chylous ascites may result from diverse pathologies. Ascites results either due to blockage of the lymphatics or leak secondary to inadvertent trauma during surgery.

Case Presentation: We report the first case of chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma involving the right half of a crossed fused renal ectopia.

Applications and complications of polyurethane stenting in urology.

Background: As surgeons working in a developing country, we decided to review our experience with polyurethane stents instead of the more expensive ones on common urological procedures and analyzing our experience with respect to their usefulness versus their problems and outcome.

Methods: This stusy was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Cantonment, Pakistan through March 2002 through May 2004. During this period 342 of patients were operated requiring stent and 220 patients out of these had polyurethane as stent material for different urological operations.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of vagina associated with pregnancy.

We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in 23 years old, 36 weeks pregnant female, who presented with a swelling in the vagina. Biopsy of the lesion led to profuse haemorrhage and emergency caesarean-section along with bilateral ligation of internal iliac arteries were required. Recovery was smooth and she was discharged from the hospital on the 5th postoperative day.

Injection sclerotherapy for haemorrhoids causing adult respiratory distress syndrome.

A young lady with first-degree haemorrhoids was administered injection sclerotherapy with 5% phenol in almond oil. Soon after the injection, she developed syncope and later signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). She was kept on ventilatory support for 4 days, made a smooth recovery and was successfully weaned off from the ventilator.

Hernia uterine inguinale.

A case of hernia uterine inguinale (HUI) is reported in a middle aged man, who had presented with an inguinal hernia. On exploration, a uterus with cervix, fallopian tubes and ovotestes were detected and confirmed on histopathology. Chromosomal analysis revealed 46 XY.

A huge malignant triton tumour.

A 45 years old man presented with progressively increasing abdominal mass of two years duration. The mass had rapidly increased in size in the past five months. The patient was emaciated, with a grossly protuberant abdomen.

Male pseudohermaphroditism.

An unusual case of a 40-year-old infertile male is presented. On examination he had cryptorchidism with other normal secondary sexual characters. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography raised the suspicion of tumour in the right abdominal testis.