The effect of morphine administration on GluN3B NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression in rat brain.

Opioid addiction is critically dependent on the activation of N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are widely found in the mesocorticolimbic system. Meanwhile, opioid addiction may affect the expression level of NMDA receptor subunits. The existence of GluN3 subunits in the NMDA receptor's tetramer structure reduces the excitatory current of the receptor channel.

The effect of induced hypertension in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A narrative review.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ‎(aSAH) ‎accounts for 2-5% of all strokes, and 10%-15% of ‎aSAH patients will not survive until hospital admission. Induced hypertension (IH) is an emerging therapeutic option being used for the treatment of vasospasm in ‎aSAH. For patients with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) consequent to SAH, IH is implemented to increase systolic blood pressure (SBP) in order to optimize cerebral blood flow (CBF) and prevent delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of central nervous system diseases: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

The NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that is engaged in the innate immune system and plays a vital role in inflammatory reactions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines can be triggered by microbial infection or cellular injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and depression.

Comparison between clevidipine and nicardipine in cerebrovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The term "cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs)" refers to a broad category of diseases that affect the brain's blood vessels and cerebral circulation. Controlling acute hypertension (HTN) by antihypertensive drugs such as clevidipine and nicardipine can be a highly efficient method of lowering the incidence of CVDs.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

Potential biomarkers of addiction identified by real-time PCR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: a narrative review.

Addiction-related neurobiological factors could be considered as potential biomarkers. The concentration of peripheral biomarkers in tissues like blood lymphocytes may mirror their brain levels. This review is focused on the mRNA expression of potential addiction biomarkers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs).

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity during traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Some of the more common etiologies of TBI include closed head injury, penetrating head injury, or an explosive blast head injury. Neuronal damage in TBI is related to both primary injury (caused by mechanical forces), and secondary injury (caused by the subsequent tissue and cellular damages).

Central nervous system manifestations in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel respiratory infection, initially reported in China, known as COVID-19 initially reported in China, and later known as COVID-19, led to a global pandemic. Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CNS presentations in COVID-19 patients in an attempt to identify the common CNS features and provide a better overview to tackle this new pandemic.

Adult rat morphine exposure changes morphine preference, anxiety, and the brain expression of dopamine receptors in male offspring.

Addiction to drugs, including opioids is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. It has been shown that the progeny of addict people is at higher risk for drug addiction. However, the mechanisms of such trans-generational effects of drugs are not so clear.

Expression of NMDA receptor subunits in human blood lymphocytes: A peripheral biomarker in online computer game addiction.

Background and aims Repeated performance of some behaviors such as playing computer games could result in addiction. The NMDA receptor is critically involved in the development of behavioral and drug addictions. It has been claimed that the expression level of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain may be reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs).

Chaperone potential of Pulicaria undulata extract in preventing aggregation of stressed proteins.

This study examined the effect of an aqueous extract of Pulicaria undulata on the 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced aggregation of proteins. The effects of the chaperone properties of P. undulata extract on protein aggregation were determined by measuring light scattering absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.

In vitro detection of simulated apical root perforation with two electronic apex locators.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (Smarpex and NovApex) in detecting apical perforation.

Materials And Methods: After access cavity preparations, the working length was determined by the first examiner before and after perforation with a stereomicroscope by introducing a K-file size 10 into the canal and size 25 K-file up to the perforation site, respectively. The specimens were embedded in a 17-well plastic box containing alginate.

Serum Interleukin-6 as a Serologic Marker of Chronic Periapical Lesions: A Case-control Study.

Background And Aims: Chronic periapical disease with pulpal origin is an inflammatory condition caused by bacterial infection. Chronic infection could affect general health by increasing the production of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) that probably play a role in pathogenesis of pulpal and periapical diseases. The aim of the present study was a comparative evaluation of the level of serum IL 6 in patients with periapical lesions and healthy controls.

Root Canal Configuration of One-rooted Mandibular Canine in an Iranian Population: An In Vitro Study.

Background And Aims: A perfect endodontic treatment necessitates proper understanding of the morphology of canal and pulpal variations. This in vitro study was conducted to demonstrate the in-ternal anatomy of mandibular canine teeth in an Iranian population.

Materials And Methods: The samples consisted of 100 extracted mandibular permanent canines.

Endodontic treatment of a taurodontism tooth: report of a case.

Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which the involved tooth has an enlarged and elongated body and pulp chamber with apical displacement of the pulpal floor. Endodontic treatment of these teeth is challenging, because it is hard to identify the number of root canals. In this article a case of bilateral involvement of maxillary first molars is presented.

Comparison of cytotoxicity of three dentin bonding systems with two thicknesses of dentin barrier on l929 cell line.

Introduction: Along with introduction of dentin bonding agents (DBA), their clinical use as lining materials is increasing rapidly. Since remaining dentinal thickness (RDT) has always been a concern for cytopathic effect of restorative materials, its effect on reduction of cytotoxicity of these materials especially DBAs is critical. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of three dentin bonding systems, belonged to the 4(th), 5(th) and 6(th) generation of DBAs on L929 cell line.

A Comparative Study on the Amount of Extruded Material from the Apical Foramen with NiTi Rotary and Stainless Steel Hand Instruments.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to quantify and compare the amount of extruded debris from apical foramen after instrumentation of the root canal system with hand and rotary instruments.

Materials And Methods: Root canals of forty five fresh extracted single rooted human teeth with mature apexes and less than 15 degree of root curvature were instrumented in group A with stainless steel K-Type files, in group B with rotary NiTi Flex Master files, and in group C with rotary NiTi ProTaper files and followed weighting the extruded debris by a digital scale to within 0.0001 gram accuracy.