Neuroprotective Effects of Ferrostatin and Necrostatin Against Entorhinal Amyloidopathy-Induced Electrophysiological Alterations Mediated by voltage-gated Ca Channels in the Dentate Gyrus Granular Cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the main form of dementia. Abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in neurons and synapses cause neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. We have previously reported that ferroptosis and necroptosis were implicated in Aβ neurotoxicity, and their specific inhibitors had attenuating effects on cognitive impairment induced by Aβ neurotoxicity.

Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's disease.

Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection.

Interval aerobic training improves bioenergetics state and mitochondrial dynamics of different brain regions in restraint stressed rats.

Evidence has validated the prophylactic effects of exercising on different aspects of health. On the opposite side, immobilization may lead to various destructive effects causing neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the association between exercising and mitochondrial quality for preventing the destructive effects of restraint stress in different rat brain regions.

Oxytocin Prevents the Development of 3-NP-Induced Anxiety and Depression in Male and Female Rats: Possible Interaction of OXTR and mGluR2.

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder with dominant motor symptoms. It also has psychiatric manifestations, like anxiety and depression, that can emerge themselves before motor symptoms and impose a major burden on patients. Oxytocin (OXT) is a newly emerged treatment for disorders like autism and schizophrenia and recently is using to alleviate depression and anxiety.

Individual Subnuclei of the Rat Anterior Thalamic Nuclei Differently affect Spatial Memory and Passive Avoidance Tasks.

The role of the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) has been proven in different learning and memory tasks. The ATN consist of three main subnuclei, the anterodorsal (AD), anteroventral (AV) and anteromedial (AM), which have different biological characteristics such as distinct circuitry, cell population and neurotransmitter content. The role of ATN subnuclei in learning and memory has been shown in several studies.

Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress.

Learning and memory impairment manifests years before the onset of motor impairments in Huntington's disease (HD). Oxytocin (OXT), as a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide has a key role in both learning and memory. Hence, we investigated possible protective effect of OXT on instrumental fear conditioning memory impairment by 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD, considering sex and prenatal stress effects.

Variations of glutamate concentration within synaptic cleft in the presence of electromagnetic fields: an artificial neural networks study.

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the majority of central nervous system synapses and is involved in developmental processes, cognitive functions, learning and memory. Excessive elevated concentrations of Glu in synaptic cleft results in neural cell apoptosis which is called excitotoxicity causing neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we investigated the possibility of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) as a risk factor which is able to change Glu concentration in synaptic clef.

Chronic, long-term social stress can cause decreased microtubule protein network activity and dynamics in cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats.

Social stress is viewed as a factor in the etiology of a variety of psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. Animal models of social stress are well developed and widely used in studying clinical and physiological effects of stress. Stress is known to significantly affect learning and memory, and this effect strongly depends on the type of stress, its intensity, and duration.