Vitamin D Represses the Aggressive Potential of Osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the basic bone neoplasm with lower survival and poor prognosis. It is distinguished by its offensive nature and metastatic potential. The fundamental death source in OS patients is lung metastasis.

Hesperetin is a potent bioactivator that activates SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase enzyme that plays crucial roles in controlling many cellular processes and its downregulation has been implicated in different metabolic disorders. Recently, several polyphenols have been considered as the effective therapeutic approaches that appear to influence SIRT1. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of hesperetin, a citrus polyphenolic flavonoid, on SIRT1 and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK).

Signaling Crosstalk of FHIT, p53, and p38 in etoposide-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Fragile histidine trail (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor in response to DNA damage which has been deleted in various tumors. However, the signaling mechanisms and interactions of FHIT with regard to apoptotic proteins including p53 and p38 in the DNA damage-induced apoptosis are not well described. In the present study, we used etoposide-induced DNA damage in MCF-7 as a model to address these crosstalks.

Investigating the effect of visfatin on ERalpha phosphorylation (Ser118 and Ser167) and ERE-dependent transcriptional activity.

Obesity is associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. Visfatin level alteration is one of the mechanisms by which obesity promotes cancer. Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is also associated with carcinogenesis.

Enterolactone Reduces Telomerase Activity and The Level of Its Catalytic Subunit in Breast Cancer Cells.

Objective: There is a positive correlation between higher serum phytoestrogen concentrations and lower risk of breast cancer. The activation of telomerase is crucial for the growth of cancer cells; therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) on this enzyme.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, we performed the viability assay to determine the effects of different concentrations of ENL and END on cell viability, and the effective concentrations of these two compounds on cell growth.

Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Induces Apoptosis in Estrogen Receptor-Positive MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Purpose: Tumor cells have increased turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the main coenzyme in processes including adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation, deacetylation, and calcium mobilization. NAD is predominantly synthesized in human cells via the salvage pathway, with the first component being nicotinamide. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme in this pathway, and its chemical inhibition by FK866 has elicited antitumor effects in several preclinical models of solid and hematologic cancers.

The Preventive Effect of L-Lysine on Lysozyme Glycation in Type 2 Diabetes.

Lysozyme is a bactericidal enzyme whose structure and functions change in diabetes. Chemical chaperones are small molecules including polyamines (e.g.

The effects of maternal passive smoking on maternal milk lipid.

Passive smoking was long overlooked by those in the medical and legal professions as being harmful to one's health, but in recent years the negative effect of passive smoking has come to the fore in the media and laws have been changed so that less people are obliged to unwillingly suffer from passive smoking, particularly in the workplace and in indoor settings. To study the effects of environmental tobacco smoking exposure during the breast-feeding period on maternal milk lipids. This cohort study was conducted on 45 mothers environmental tobacco smoking exposure and 40 non-exposed post-partum mothers referred to the Shahid Ayat health center, Tehran, Iran.

Lead concentration in breast milk of lactating women who were living in Tehran, Iran.

It is obvious that lead intake is of concern not for its beneficial/essential effects on metabolism, but rather for its toxic actions, which can be especially damaging to children. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentration of lead in milk of mothers during prolonged lactation. Milk samples from 43 mothers were collected at 2 months postpartum.

Activation of Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element Mediated Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Expression in Hepatoma Cell line by Homocysteine.

Background: Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which formed (mainly in the liver) during the metabolism of methionine. Prior studies indicated the important role of hyperhomocysteinemia in pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease, liver steatosis and cirrhosis. One of the most important mechanisms by which homocysteine promote the development of hepatic injury is oxidative stress.

Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARα and SREBP-1.

We evaluated the effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) seed extract (CI) on hepatic steatosis caused by early and late stage diabetes in rats (in vivo), and induced in HepG2 cells (in vitro) by BSA-oleic acid complex (OA). Different dosages of CI (1.

Homocysteine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via transcription factor Nrf2 activation in HepG2 cell.

Background: Elevated level of plasma homocysteine has been related to various diseases. Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia can develop hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by homocysteine might play an important role in pathogenesis of liver injury.

Amygdalin inhibits angiogenesis in the cultured endothelial cells of diabetic rats.

Background: Angiogenesis contributes to different physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the antiangiogenic effects of amygdalin on the cultured endothelial cells of diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into two equal groups of control and amygdalin-treated animals.

Time- and dose-dependent differential regulation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity and mRNA level by vitamin E in rat blood cells.

Background: Vitamin E is the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant. Recently, it has been proposed as a gene regulator, and its gene modulation effects have been observed at different levels of gene expression and cell signaling. This study was performed to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the activity and expression of the most important endogenous antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), in rat plasma.

Investigation of the mechanism(s) involved in decreasing increased fibrinogen activity in hyperglycemic conditions using L-lysine supplementation.

Introduction: Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein that participates in the hemostasis system. Its malfunction has been reported as a consequence of diabetic complications. In this study, the inhibitory effect of L-Lysine (Lys) on the nonenzymatic glycation of fibrinogen was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Assessment of genetic mutations in the XRCC2 coding region by high resolution melting curve analysis and the risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in Iran.

Homologous recombination (HR) is the major pathway for repairing double strand breaks (DSBs) in eukaryotes and XRCC2 is an essential component of the HR repair machinery. To evaluate the potential role of mutations in gene repair by HR in individuals susceptible to differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) we used high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a recently introduced method for detecting mutations, to examine the entire XRCC2 coding region in an Iranian population. HRM analysis was used to screen for mutations in three XRCC2 coding regions in 50 patients and 50 controls.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T increased risk of early-onset coronary artery disease.

The Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T may be considered an important genetic determinant of early-onset coronary artery disease (ECAD). In this study, association between MMP-9 1562C>T allele with plasma MMP-9 activity, homocysteine and lipid-lipoproteins level and ECAD in Iranian subjects was investigated. This case-control study consisted of 53 ECAD patients (age < 55 years) and unrelated late-onsets CAD (age>70 years) who angiographically had at least 50% stenosis.

Exogenous coenzyme Q10 modulates MMP-2 activity in MCF-7 cell line as a breast cancer cellular model.

Background/aims: Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 is a key molecule in cellular invasion and metastasis. Mitochondrial ROS has been established as a mediator of MMP activity. Coenzyme Q(10) contributes to intracellular ROS regulation.

Cytotoxicity of subtoxic AgNP in human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) after long-term exposure.

Unlabelled: We aimed at evaluating the toxicity effects of low (subtoxic) concentrations of silver nanoparticles nanoparticles (AgNP, 5-10 nm) in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cell line after and during a period of about one month.

Methods: XTT and MTT assays were used to draw a dose-response curve; IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value of the AgNP on HepG2 cells was calculated to be 2.75-3.

Zinc and copper concentrations in human milk and infant formulas.

Objective: Available accurate data on the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in human milk throughout lactation and infant formulas is important both for formulating nutritional requirements for substances and to provide a base line for the understanding the physiology of their secretion. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentrations of zinc and copper in infant formulas and human milk during prolonged lactation. Levels of these metals were examined in relation to selected parameters such as age, weight, height, education and occupation of mothers.

Paradoxical dose- and time-dependent regulation of superoxide dismutase and antioxidant capacity by vitamin E in rat.

Background: Previous data about the regulation of SOD activity as the key part of the endogenous antioxidant system by vitamin E is conflicting.

Methods: We investigated the effect of different nontoxic doses of vitamin E on erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma total antioxidant capacity in rats, receiving 0 (control group), 100, 300 and 600 mg vitamin E/kilogram of body weight intramuscularly twice a week over 6-weeks.

Results: We observed a linear increase in SOD activity in the first dosing group, which was significant (p<0.