Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, and diabetes mellitus prevalence in European countries from three waves of the European Health Interview Survey.

Population shift towards healthier lifestyles can help reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), therefore understanding and monitoring the lifestyle-related risk factors are crucial for setting up effective preventive strategies and disease management. The present study aimed to explore the changes in prevalence of DM and major risk factors including smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as body mass index (BMI) over three waves of European Health Interview Survey, and to investigate the association between risk factors and presence of DM across 11 European Union member states. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between risk factors and DM, adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables.

Unexpected lower level of oral periodontal pathogens in patients with high numbers of systemic diseases.

Background: Periodontal disease is associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, all diseases with large inflammatory components. Some, but not all, reports show periopathogens and at higher levels orally in people with one of these chronic diseases and in people with more severe cases. These oral pathogens are thought to be positively associated with systemic inflammatory diseases through induction of oral inflammation that works to distort systemic inflammation or by directly inducing inflammation at distal sites in the body.

The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in states of the European Union and United Kingdom at the national and subnational levels: A systematic review.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, with an equally increased expenditure associated with it. We aimed to longitudinally evaluate the epidemiologic and economic burden of T2D in the current member states of the European Union and the United Kingdom (EU-28). The present systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020219894), and it followed the PRISMA guidelines.

One-year follow-up of patients with hyperopia undergoing photorefractive keratectomy with Allegretto WaveLight Eye Q 400.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in treating patients with cycloplegic hyperopia from +1.00 to +7.00 diopter using Allegretto wave Eye Q 400.

Analysis of Content, Social Networks, and Sentiment of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling in the European Union on Twitter.

In recent years, concerted political efforts have been made at the national and European Union (EU) level to promote the consumption of healthy foods. The European Commission (EC) expressed the need for a harmonized and mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPL) system at the EU level. The EC will adopt the proposal by the end of 2022.

Comparative evaluation of a new frugal binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.

Objectives: We compare the optical quality and design characteristic a new low cost solar powered binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO), Holo, to Keeler BIO.

Methods: Twenty-four participants each examined 10 simulation eyes using both the Holo and the Keeler BIO with a 30-diopter condensing lens. Number of Lea symbols printed on the retina of simulation eyes seen and time taken to identify them was recorded.

Unusual finding of two filamentous fungi in a contact lens-related keratitis.

This is a rare case report of two filamentous fungi in a patient with contact lens related keratitis. An early corneal scrape may be useful in detecting multiple causative pathogens and aiding management. The main learning point is to consider fungal infections in patients with atypical ulcer appearances, as prompt diagnosis may reduce the morbidity burden.

Sleep related quality of life before and after adenotonsillar surgery in pediatric population.

Objective: To assess the quality of life in children with adenotonsillar problems before and after adenotonsillectomy in short term follow-up.

Methods: Quasi-experimental study (before and after study) of children with adenotonsillar problems at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Amir'Alam hospital. Eighty six pediatric patients aged 3 through 13 years (58 boys and 28 girls) who underwent adenotonsillectomy, for treatment of sleep disordered breathing or recurrent throat infection, were recruited.

The Draf III septal flap technique: a preliminary report.

Aim: The most prevalent complication of Draf III surgery is recurrence of frontal recess stenosis. The aim of this study is to introduce a method to prevent closure of the recess.

Type Of The Study And Setting: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in Ear, Nose and Throat Referral Center, Amir'Alam Hospital, Tehran.

Benefits of short inspiratory muscle training on exercise capacity, dyspnea, and inspiratory fraction in COPD patients.

Abstract: Static lung hyperinflation has important clinical consequences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given that most of these patients have respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness, dyspnea and functional exercise capacity may improve as a result of inspiratory muscle training (IMT). The present study is designed to investigate the benefits of a short outpatient program of IMT on inspiratory muscle performance, exercise capacity, perception of dyspnea, and the inspiratory fraction (IF).

Prevalence of genital disorders in jordanian school boys.

A prospective field study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of cryptorchidism, hypospadias and other genital disorders in school children in the eastern part of Jordan. A total of 2495 school boys from 10 different schools were examined in May-June, 1995. Standardized examination and classification criteria were used.

Physiological training in Jordan.

The hypobaric chamber is designed as a teaching aid in providing orientation for some of the physiological stresses in flight. Reactions during chamber training vary from mild ear block to neurocirculatory collapse. This is a retrospective study on reactions from 1986-94 in the hypobaric chamber training unit at King Hussien Medical Centre in Jordan; 39 cases were reported among 705 trainees in a 12-person rectangular hypobaric chamber.