In vitro naive CD4 T cell differentiation upon treatment with miR-29b-loaded exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Gene regulation by microRNA (miRNA) is central in T lymphocytes differentiation processes. Here, we investigate miRNA-29b (miR-29b) roles in the reprogramming of T cell differentiation, which can be a promising therapeutic avenue for various types of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Methods And Results: Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived exosomes (AMSC-Exo) enriched with miR-29b were delivered into naive CD4 T (nCD4) cells.

Physicochemical Stimulus-Responsive Systems Targeted with Antibody Derivatives.

The application of monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments with the advent of recombinant antibody technology has made notable progress in clinical trials to provide a regulated drug release and extra targeting to the special conditions in the function site. Modification of antibodies has facilitated using mAbs and antibody fragments in numerous models of therapeutic and detection utilizations, such as stimuliresponsive systems. Antibodies and antibody derivatives conjugated with diverse stimuliresponsive materials have been constructed for drug delivery in response to a wide range of endogenous (electric, magnetic, light, radiation, ultrasound) and exogenous (temperature, pH, redox potential, enzymes) stimuli.

Male obesity is associated with sperm telomere shortening and aberrant mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes.

Background: Obesity is regarded a global public health crisis. It has been implicated in a variety of health problems, but when it comes to male fertility, how and to what extent obesity affects it are poorly understood. Accordingly, semen samples from 32 individuals with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m) and 32 individuals with normal weight (BMI: 18.

The Combined Effects of a Methacrylate Powder Dressing (Altrazeal Powder) and Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Healing of a Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcer in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report.

Weakened wound healing is a popular, severe complication of patients with diabetes which poses a risk for foot infection and amputation. Researchers have searched for new treatments for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in recent years. In this case report, for the first time, we applied photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and Altrazeal powder together to treat a severe case of DFU in a 47-year-old woman who was suffering from type 1 diabetes.

The Influence of Different Culture Media on the Growth and Recombinant Protein Production of Iranian Lizard Leishmania Promastigote.

Background: is a eukaryotic protozoan parasite belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family. The Iranian Lizard (I.L.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Plant Extracts of Vitex Agnus Castus L: An Ecofriendly Approach to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance.

Background: These days, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been given considerable attention and applied in medical technology due to their great antimicrobial and antioxidant features. In the present study, we aimed to synthesize Ag NPs through the reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of fruit extract.

Methods: After collecting fruits, their extract was prepared and added to Ag NO to produce Ag NPs.

Recent insights into the roles of circular RNAs in human brain development and neurologic diseases.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs. They are single-stranded RNA transcripts characterized with a closed loop structure making them resistant to degrading enzymes. Recently, circRNAs have been suggested with regulatory roles in gene expression involved in controlling various biological processes.

Association between forkhead box P3 expression level and gender of Iranian juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.

Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a childhood autoimmune rheumatoid disease. Past studies have confirmed that JIA is a complex disease, which means that genes and environmental factors affect the aetiology of the disease. In this study, we analysed the expression of interleukin 32, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with JIA in comparison with the expression of those in healthy children.

Therapeutic potentials of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology in human viral infections.

Viral infections are a common cause of morbidity worldwide. The emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to more attention to viral infections and finding novel therapeutics. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been recently proposed as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of viral diseases.

Curcumin and its derivatives in cancer therapy: Potentiating antitumor activity of cisplatin and reducing side effects.

Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa with potent tumor-suppressor activity, which has shown significant efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Curcumin stimulates cell death, triggers cycle arrest, and suppresses oncogenic pathways, thereby suppressing cancer progression. Cisplatin (CP) stimulates DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer chemotherapy.

CiRS-7/CDR1as; An oncogenic circular RNA as a potential cancer biomarker.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play role in gene regulation in multicellular organisms via various interactions with nucleic acids, proteins and particularly microRNAs. They have been found to be involved in a number of biological functions particularly in regulation of cell cycle, and extracellular interactions. Thus, dysregulation of circRNAs is found to be associated with several human diseases and especially numerous types of cancers.

Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies.

The clinical management of bladder cancer (BC) has become an increasing challenge due to high incidence rate of BC, malignant behavior of cancer cells and drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs are considered as key factors involved in BC progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules and do not encode proteins.

Antimicrobial peptides as potential therapeutics for breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common and deadliest cancer in women worldwide. Although notable advances have been achieved in the treatment of breast cancer, the overall survival rate of metastatic breast cancer patients is still considerably low due to the development of resistance to breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents and the non-optimal specificity of the current generation of cancer medications. Hence, there is a growing interest in the search for alternative therapeutics with novel anticancer mechanisms.

Nonviral siRNA delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy.

The serious drawbacks of the conventional treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) such as nonspecific toxicity and high resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, have prompted the development and application of countless small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics. Recent advances in drug delivery systems hold great promise for improving siRNA-based therapeutics and developing a new class of drugs, known as nano-siRNA drugs. However, many fundamental questions, regarding toxicity, immunostimulation, and poor knowledge of nano-bio interactions, need to be addressed before clinical translation.

Recent Advances in siRNA Delivery Systems for Prostate Cancer Therapy.

The critical problems of conventional prostate cancer therapeutic strategies like nonspecific toxicity and multi-drug resistance prompted the development and application of countless nanoparticle- based siRNA therapeutics. Unfortunately, siRNA-based therapeutics suffer from the lack of safe and effective delivery systems, immune system stimulation, poor knowledge of nano-bio interactions, and limitations concerning designing, manufacturing, clinical translation, and commercialization. In this review, we provide cutting-edge advances in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery carriers like polymeric systems, lipid systems, specific systems, and rigid nanoparticles for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Small Activating RNAs: Towards the Development of New Therapeutic Agents and Clinical Treatments.

Small double-strand RNA (dsRNA) molecules can activate endogenous genes via an RNA-based promoter targeting mechanism. RNA activation (RNAa) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism present in diverse eukaryotic organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) involved in RNAa have been successfully used to activate gene expression in cultured cells, and thereby this emergent technique might allow us to develop various biotechnological applications, without the need to synthesize hazardous construct systems harboring exogenous DNA sequences.

Association of dietary insulinaemic potential and odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults: A case-control study.

Background: Hyperinsulinaemia is considered as a major risk factor for the development of a myriad of chronic diseases. We examined the association between the dietary insulinaemic potential and the odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Iranian adults.

Methods: After being subjected to a liver ultrasound, 166 patients with NAFLD and 200 controls were included in the study.

The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Fasting and energy-restricted diets have been evaluated in several studies as a means of improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to body fat loss. However, further investigation is required to understand potential alterations of leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of the influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans, as well as to detect potential sources of heterogeneity in the available literature.

Opportunities and challenges of the tag-assisted protein purification techniques: Applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Tag-assisted protein purification is a method of choice for both academic researches and large-scale industrial demands. Application of the purification tags in the protein production process can help to save time and cost, but the design and application of tagged fusion proteins are challenging. An appropriate tagging strategy must provide sufficient expression yield and high purity for the final protein products while preserving their native structure and function.

Overcoming the blood-brain barrier in neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumours.

Drug delivery is one of the major challenges in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The brain needs to be protected from harmful agents, which are done by the capillary network, the so-called blood-brain barrier (BBB). This protective guard also prevents the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and limits the effectiveness of treatment.

Antimicrobial peptides: a promising strategy for lung cancer drug discovery?

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defense peptides (HDPs), are identified in almost any form of life, which play an important role in innate immune systems. They have a broad spectrum of antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of global cancer-related death.