Role of mordants in natural fabric dyeing and their environmental impacts.

The textile industry is undergoing a transformative shift towards sustainability, driven by mounting environmental concerns and consumer demand for eco-friendly products. This review article explores the use of mordants in textile dyeing processes, encompassing both traditional metal mordants and emerging bio-mordants. Metal mordants, commonly used in textile dyeing, present environmental challenges due to their toxic nature.

Wheat arabinoxylans: Insight into structure-function relationships.

Arabinoxylan (AX), a key non-starch polysaccharide found in the cell walls of cereals like wheat, holds significant importance in the food industry. Recently, it has attracted attention due to its numerous health benefits. While the benefits of wheat arabinoxylans are well-established, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between their structure and functional properties is essential.

Benzylidenehydrazine Derivatives: Synthesis, Antidiabetic Evaluation, Antioxidation, Mode of Inhibition, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition that is a profound health concern across the globe due to its contribution to the increased mortality rate. It affects millions of people around the world and is associated with severe complications among people diagnosed with it. Among the array of approaches used for the management of DM, inhibition of enzymes viz.

Single-Shot Ultra-Widefield Polarization-Diversity Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessing Retinal and Choroidal Pathologies.

: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a leading ocular imaging modality, known for delivering high-resolution volumetric morphological images. However, conventional OCT systems are limited by their narrow field-of-view (FOV) and their reliance on scattering contrast, lacking molecular specificity. : To address these limitations, we developed a custom-built 105 ultra-widefield polarization-diversity OCT (UWF PD-OCT) system for assessing various retinal and choroidal conditions, which is particularly advantageous for visualizing peripheral retinal abnormalities.

Splitting and authentication of the newest retrieved cellulose-rich organic fiber from the exterior layer of Bangladeshi palmyra seed sprouts.

The upward trajectory of plant-based cellulosic fiber originating from renewable sources is crucial to visualizing a sustainable future. This article reports a freshly developed and distinctive natural fiber derived from palmyra seed sprout fibers (PSSF) by employing hot water retting. The hygroscopic behavior (moisture regain and content) density, bundle fiber strength, burning behavior, and chemical composition of the fiber are determined using ASTM D1909, ASTM D2654, ASTM D891-18, ASTM D1445, ASTM D1230-22, and TAPPI standards, respectively.

A Quality Improvement Initiative to Implement Focused Family Meetings in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit: Does It Matter?

Communication with families is essential to improve satisfaction, especially in the critical care setting. We sought to identify patients who were not recovering as expected and to improve communication with their families. We implemented a novel algorithm, incorporating clinical and social criteria, to determine which patients could benefit from additional communication.

CHARMM at 45: Enhancements in Accessibility, Functionality, and Speed.

Since its inception nearly a half century ago, CHARMM has been playing a central role in computational biochemistry and biophysics. Commensurate with the developments in experimental research and advances in computer hardware, the range of methods and applicability of CHARMM have also grown. This review summarizes major developments that occurred after 2009 when the last review of CHARMM was published.

Phytochemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Various Sweet Potato ( L.) Leaves Assessed by RP-HPLC-DAD.

This study aimed to investigate the leaves of six cultivars of L. from the USA, focusing on their Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. TPC and TFC ranged from 7.

In Silico Screening, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Binding Free Energy Identify Single-Point Mutations That Destabilize p53 and Reduce Binding to DNA.

Considering p53's pivotal role as a tumor suppressor protein, proactive identification and characterization of potentially harmful p53 mutations are crucial before they appear in the population. To address this, four computational prediction tools-SIFT, Polyphen-2, PhD-SNP, and MutPred2-utilizing sequence-based and machine-learning algorithms, were employed to identify potentially deleterious p53 nsSNPs (nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) that may impact p53 structure, dynamics, and binding with DNA. These computational methods identified three variants, namely, C141Y, C238S, and L265P, as detrimental to p53 stability.

An immunoinformatic investigation on Rift Valley fever virus protein reveals possible epitopes for vaccines.

Introduction: This immunoinformatic study identified potential epitopes from the envelopment polyprotein (Gn/Gc) of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a pathogenic virus causing severe fever in humans and livestock. Effective vaccination is crucial for controlling RVFV outbreaks. The identification of suitable epitopes is crucial for the development of safe and effective vaccines.

Upcycling soybean meal through enzymatic conversion of insoluble fiber into soluble dietary fiber enhanced by ball milling.

Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in soybean meal, due to the insolubility, is one of the major impediments to upcycle the soybean meal for its value-added use. This study converted IDF to soluble dietary fiber (SDF) using ball milling and enzymatic hydrolysis of the IDF. The impact of ball milling and enzymatic hydrolysis on the physicochemical and functional properties of SDF was evaluated.

Sourdough Bread Quality: Facts and Factors.

The term "sourdough" denotes a dough composed of flour and water, fermented through the action of yeast and lactic acid bacteria. The utilization of sourdough fermentation technology can enhance the nutritional attributes of bread made from wheat grain. In recent times, sourdough bread has experienced a resurgence, fueled by growing consumer demand for healthier bread options.

Early blood glucose screening in asymptomatic high-risk neonates.

Objectives: Detecting and treating severe hypoglycemia promptly after birth is crucial due to its association with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, limited data are available on the optimal timing of glucose screening in asymptomatic high-risk neonates prone to hypoglycemia. Risk factors associated with asymptomatic high-risk neonates include late prematurity ≥35 and <37 weeks gestation (LPT), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and infant-of-a-diabetic mother (IDM).

From Warm to Cold: Feeding Cold Milk in Preterm Infants with Uncoordinated Oral Feeding Patterns.

Objective: Premature infants frequently face feeding challenges due to disrupted coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing, increasing their risk of dysphagia. There are few effective treatment options available for these infants. In adults experiencing dysphagia, consuming cold foods or liquids can be an effective strategy.

Comparative effectiveness of an individualized model of hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial (the TwoPlus trial).

Background: Most patients starting chronic in-center hemodialysis (HD) receive conventional hemodialysis (CHD) with three sessions per week targeting specific biochemical clearance. Observational studies suggest that patients with residual kidney function can safely be treated with incremental prescriptions of HD, starting with less frequent sessions and later adjusting to thrice-weekly HD. This trial aims to show objectively that clinically matched incremental HD (CMIHD) is non-inferior to CHD in eligible patients.

Exploring Cannabinoids as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease: Insights from Computational Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global COVID-19 pandemic, challenging healthcare systems worldwide. Effective therapeutic strategies against this novel coronavirus remain limited, underscoring the urgent need for innovative approaches. The present research investigates the potential of cannabis compounds as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 through their interaction with the virus's papain-like protease (PLpro) protein, a crucial element in viral replication and immune evasion.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity enhances liver inflammation in MASH.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by excessive circulating toxic lipids, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation. Monocyte adhesion to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and transendothelial migration (TEM) are crucial in the inflammatory process. Under lipotoxic stress, LSECs develop a proinflammatory phenotype known as endotheliopathy.

Glycemic Management in Insulin-Naive Patients in the Inpatient Setting.

Objective: The ideal inpatient insulin regimen efficiently attains the target blood glucose range, effectively treats hyperglycemia, and minimizes the risk of hypoglycemia. The objective of this study was to compare glycemic targets achieved by using correctional monotherapy (CM) and basal-bolus therapy (BBT) in insulin-naive patients in the inpatient setting to determine optimal blood glucose management for these patients.

Design: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 792 patients with diabetes not on home insulin therapy who were admitted to an academic hospital over a 5.

Relationship between nitrate, heavy metal, and sterols contents in Japanese agricultural soils with risk of groundwater pollution.

In Japanese agricultural lands, nitrate-nitrogen contamination of soil and groundwater often occurs due to the application of livestock excrements and compost. Therefore, rural soils in Japan were sampled and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen leaching, heavy metal content, and sterols associated with livestock excrement and compost to calculate contamination risk indicators. The results were analyzed using self-organizing maps and cluster analysis.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Factors Influencing Iranian Medical Residents' Specialty Selection: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Medical students' specialty selection influences the composition of the physician workforce and the effectiveness of health systems. Therefore, the identification of factors that influence the choice of specialty is critical for an evidence-based health policy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the determinants of specialty choice among Iranian medical residents.

Enhanced recovery after surgery: Preoperative carbohydrate loading and insulin management in type 2 diabetes.

We assessed our institutional practice of individualized insulin dosing for patients with type 2 diabetes receiving preoperative carbohydrate loading (CHO-L) within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) protocol. Patients enrolled in an ERAS® protocol with concomitant type 2 diabetes received rapid acting insulin (Novolog®[insulin aspart]) prior to 50 g CHO-L on the day of surgery. Following CHO-L and the administration of insulin, no hypoglycemic episodes occurred with preoperative POC glucose values between 6.