Understanding the bidirectional association between obesity and risk of psychological distress and depression in young adults in the US: available evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions.

While the physical health effects of obesity are well-characterized, an emerging branch of research has shown that obesity additionally plays a critical role in one's mental health. Young adults, in a pivotal transition phase in their lives, may be particularly prone to the concurrent effects of obesity and adverse mental health outcomes. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine existing data regarding the connection between obesity and two widely validated measures of mental health: psychological distress and depression.

Initiation and sequencing of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum.

Strong evidence supports the importance of rapid sequence or simultaneous initiation of quadruple guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) for substantially reducing risk of mortality and hospitalization. Barring absolute contraindications for each individual medication, employing the strategy of rapid sequence, simultaneous, and/or in-hospital initiation at the time of HF diagnosis best ensures patients with HFrEF have the opportunity to benefit from proven medications and achieve large absolute risk reductions for adverse clinical outcomes. However, despite guideline recommendations supporting this approach, implementation in clinical practice remains persistently low, with less than one-fifth of eligible patients being prescribed the quadruple GDMT regimen.

Frexalimab (SAR441344) as a potential multiautoimmune disorder tackling mAB targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway undergoing clinical trials: a review.

Autoimmune disorders exhibit intricate pathology. Their mechanisms are complex, which attenuates the need for novel therapeutic interventions. Frexalimab, a potent monoclonal antibody targeting the dysregulated CD40-CD40L pathway, stands out as a formidable weapon against the assault of inflammation and tissue devastation.

Early coronary angiography in patients with myocardial infarction without ST elevation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early coronary angiography (CAG) in post-cardiac arrest patients without ST-segment elevation is a topic of debate. This meta-analysis aimed to assess its impact on outcomes.

Methods: A search of Medline and Cochrane up to February 2023 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing patients undergoing early CAG vs.

Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a narrative review.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in pregnancy is associated with poor perinatal outcomes; however, there are limited data on outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in this population. We reviewed the literature on studies reporting CGM outcomes in pregnant women with T2DM. We aimed to synthesise in a narrative review, the effects of CGM on glycaemic and perinatal outcomes as well as current research gaps.

A Novel -Based Nanofertilizer Promotes Seedling Growth and Vigor in Wheat ( L.).

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers poses significant environmental and health concerns. Microbial-based biofertilizers are increasingly being promoted as safe alternatives. However, they have limitations such as gaining farmers' trust, the need for technical expertise, and the variable performance of microbes in the field.

Gender disparities in utilization of statins for low density lipoprotein management across the spectrum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Insights from the houston methodist cardiovascular disease learning health system registry.

Introduction: Lower statin utilization is reported among women compared to men, however large-scale studies evaluating gender disparities in LDL-C management in individuals with ASCVD and its subtypes remain limited, particularly across age and racial/ethnic subgroups. In this study, we address this knowledge gap using data from a large US healthcare system.

Methods: All adult patients with established ASCVD in the Houston Methodist Learning Health System Registry during 2016-2022 were included.

Exploring antiviral activity of Betanin and Glycine Betaine against dengue virus type-2 in transfected Hela cells.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a worldwide public health concern infecting approximately 400 million individuals and about 40,000 mortalities yearly. Despite this, no licensed or readily available antiviral medication is currently available specifically for DENV infection, and therapy is typically symptomatic. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the antiviral activity of Beta vulgaris L.

Prognostic value of quality of life and functional status in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Functional health status is increasingly being recognized as a viable endpoint in heart failure (HF) trials. We sought to assess its prognostic impact and relationship with traditional clinical outcomes in patients with HF.

Methods: MEDLINE and Cochrane central were searched up to January 2021 for post hoc analyses of trials or observational studies that assessed independent association between baseline health/functional status, and mortality and hospitalization in patients with HF across the range of left ventricular ejection fractions to evaluate the prognostic ability of NYHA class [II, III, IV], KCCQ, MLHFQ, and 6MWD.

Chemical composition of indoor and outdoor PM in the eastern Arabian Peninsula.

Water-soluble and trace metal species in fine particulate matter (PM) were determined for indoor and outdoor environments in Doha, Qatar. During the study period, PM concentrations showed significant variability across several indoor locations ranging from 7.1 to 75.

Carbon based sensors for air quality monitoring networks; middle east perspective.

IoT-based Sensors networks play a pivotal role in improving air quality monitoring in the Middle East. They provide real-time data, enabling precise tracking of pollution trends, informed decision-making, and increased public awareness. Air quality and dust pollution in the Middle East region may leads to various health issues, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Gender Disparity in Academic Trauma Surgery: The Current State of Affairs.

Introduction: Despite the increasing number of female surgeons in general surgery programs, women are still inadequately represented in leadership positions. This study aims to investigate the magnitude of gender bias in university-based trauma surgery fellowship programs and leadership positions in the United States of America.

Material And Methods: FRIEDA was used to identify trauma surgery programs.

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality in women, necessitating innovative primary prevention strategies. Contemporary guidelines on primary prevention of CVD highlight the increasing prevalence of CVD risk factors and emphasize the significance of female-specific risk enhancers that substantially augment the future risk of CVD. These risk factors occur throughout a woman's life cycle, such as hormonal contraception, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and menopause, all of which confer an added layer of risk in women beyond the conventional risk factors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Folic Acid/Brucine Nanocomposites and Their Anticancer Activity on HepG2 Cells.

Background: Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer and the second major cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Cancer nanotechnology has the ability to fundamentally alter cancer treatment, diagnosis, and detection.

Objective: In this study, we explained the development of graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol/folic acid/brucine nanocomposites (GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs) and evaluated their antimicrobial and anticancer effect on the liver cancer HepG2 cells.

Epidemiology and Prognostic Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium in Asymptomatic Individuals With Prediabetes: A Multicohort Study.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and prognostic value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in individuals with prediabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We pooled participants free of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) from four prospective cohorts: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, Framingham Heart Study, and Jackson Heart Study. Two definitions were used for prediabetes: inclusive (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥100 to <126 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥5.

Simplified gestational diabetes screening with a triaging fasting plasma glucose reduces the burden of oral glucose tolerance tests during pregnancy - A large tertiary comparative cohort study.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a simplified screeningapproach for gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to conventional screening on OGTT rates, GDM prevalence, and perinatal outcomes.

Method: A retrospective comparative cohort study included singleton births from 20 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies without diagnostic glucose results from 13 weeks' gestation or incomplete screenings were excluded.

Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review.

High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome known as diabetes mellitus. More than 600 million people will have diabetes by 2045 as the global prevalence of the disease continues to rise. Contemporary antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia and its consequences.

Bridging gaps and optimizing implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure.

Despite robust scientific evidence and strong guideline recommendations, there remain significant gaps in initiation and dose titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure (HF) among eligible patients. Reasons surrounding these gaps are multifactorial, and largely attributed to patient, healthcare professionals, and institutional challenges. Concurrently, HF remains a predominant cause of mortality and hospitalization, emphasizing the critical need for improved delivery of therapy to patients in routine clinical practice.

Dynamics of the optimality control of transmission of infectious disease: a sensitivity analysis.

Over the course of history global population has witnessed deterioration of unprecedented scale caused by infectious transmission. The necessity to mitigate the infectious flow requires the launch of a well-directed and inclusive set of efforts. Motivated by the urge for continuous improvement in existing schemes, this article aims at the encapsulation of the dynamics of the spread of infectious diseases.