Global prevalence of cataract surgery.

Purpose Of Review: The objective of this review article is to ascertain the global distribution of cataract surgery and evaluate the extent of its coverage in recent years.

Recent Findings: The cataract surgical rate (CSR) has been reported from 36 to 12 800 (per million population) across different countries. The average cataract surgical coverage (CSC) in the majority of countries was around 50% or lower.

The lock-down effects of COVID-19 on the air pollution indices in Iran and its neighbors.

Introduction: The COVID-19 restrictions have a lot of various peripheral negative and positive effects, like economic shocks and decreasing air pollution, respectively. Many studies showed NO2 reduction in most parts of the world.

Methods: Iran and its land and maritime neighbors have about 7.

Refractive Errors and Their Associated Factors in Schoolchildren: A Structural Equation Modeling.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in Shahroud schoolchildren and their risk factors.

Methods: Optometric examinations including the measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity as well as non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction using retinoscopy were done for students. Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) was used to determine direct and indirect effects of independent variables on myopia and hyperopia.

Vision-related symptoms, accommodative and binocular vision performance in young diabetics vs. normal controls.

Purpose: To compare accommodative and binocular vision performance between young diabetic subjects and normal controls, and to investigate the correlation of accommodative/binocular indices with the severity of diabetes.

Methods: Thirty young subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 30 age-matched normal controls were recruited in this hospital-based cross-sectional study. DM was diagnosed by a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) higher than 6.

Blood lead concentrations among pediatric patients with abdominal pain: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Lead exposure is one of the most menacing of environmental exposures, particularly in children. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead which manifest in many organ systems, including interference with mental and motor development. Lead poisoning can cause colicky abdominal pain.

Fabrication of a customized impression metal jig for an implant-supported overdenture with a milled bar.

The use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology simplifies the laboratory and clinical steps for the fabrication of implant prostheses. It also reduces additional costs for the prosthetic components and technical procedures. This article describes a modified impression technique using an impression metal jig to enhance the accuracy of final impression and also to eliminate the need for the try-in of resin pattern of the milled bar.

Wet-cupping on calf muscles in polycystic ovary syndrome: a quasi-experimental study.

Objectives: Current modalities for treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not curative and using them for a long period is associated with adverse effects. According to Persian Medicine recommendations, wet cupping on calf muscles can induce menstrual bleeding. In the present study, the effect of wet-cupping (traditional bleeding from capillary vessels) was assessed on menstrual cycles (as primary outcome), hirsutism, and laboratory manifestation of PCOS.

A comparison of dietary intake between personnel of a gas processing company and a sample population of public employees from Mashhad.

Introduction: An imbalanced dietary pattern may result in a number of non-communicable disorders that include: obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and subsequently impaired quality of life (QOL). Micro- and macro-nutrients play some important roles in maintaining human health. The objective of this study was to compare dietary intake of employees of a gas processing company, who were provided with meals by their employee, with staff from other public employers from Mashhad, in northeastern Iran.

Age, period and cohort analysis of high cholesterol levels in Iranian adults over a 20-year period.

Purpose: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important modifiable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and data on their values in different societies and their trend of changes should be updated every couple of years. Many studies have focused on assessing the prevalence of high cholesterol. We must emphasise that most of these studies were cross-sectional and did not directly investigate the temporal trends of change for age, period and birth cohort (APC).

A prospective study of psychomotor performance of driving among two kinds of shift work in Iran.

Background And Aim: Driving after a night shift imposes a risk on health care professionals and other road users. The aim of this study was to measure psychomotor performance of driving of night shift nurses compared to day-shift nurses.

Methods: Forty-seven volunteer female nurses working at Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, with a call in all departments of hospital, participated in this study (23 night shift and 24 day shift nurses) in 2016.

Blood Pressure Nomograms for Children and Adolescents by Age and Body Mass Index in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Normal standard references of blood pressure (BP) for children and adolescents should be constructed according to anthropometric indices. Therefore we aimed to produce BP reference percentiles by body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices and BP values of 16246 3-18-year-old children and adolescents from 3 cross-sectional studies conducted in Tehran were included.

Effects of Length and Inclination of Implants on Terminal Abutment Teeth and Implants in Mandibular CL1 Removable Partial Denture Assessed by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the effects of length and inclination of implants on stress distribution in an implant and terminal abutment teeth in an implant assisted-removable partial denture (RPD) using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials And Methods: In this in vitro study, a 3D finite element model of a partially dentate mandible with a distal extension RPD (DERPD) and dental implants was designed to analyze stress distribution in bone around terminal abutment teeth (first premolar) and implants with different lengths (7 and 10 mm) and angles (0°, 10° and 15°).

Results: Stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the first premolar teeth ranged between 0.

Twenty-year dynamics of hypertension in Iranian adults: age, period, and cohort analysis.

Hypertension is a well-known health problem all over the world. Many studies have assessed its prevalence and associated risk factors, but all were cross-sectional and did not evaluate the trend of hypertension through all three different temporal dimensions including age, period, and cohort. So, we aimed to assess the 20-year dynamics of hypertension via the age-period-cohort model.

Video-based Learning Versus Traditional Method for Preclinical Course of Complete Denture Fabrication.

Statement Of The Problem: Advances in computer science and technology allow the instructors to use instructional multimedia programs to enhance the process of learning for dental students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a new educational modality by using videotapes on the performance of dental students in preclinical course of complete denture fabrication.

Materials And Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 54 junior dental students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).

Blood pressure percentiles by age and height for children and adolescents in Tehran, Iran.

To construct reference percentiles for blood pressure (BP) by sex, age and height for the first time in Iran, we used data on 16 972 healthy children, aged 1 month to 18 years, collected during 2000-2010 in Tehran. BP in this population rose steadily with age and height following a very similar trend in both genders up to the age of 14. Systolic BP (SBP) rise was more prominent in younger ages, and after puberty (15-18 years) was greater in boys compared with girls, while the rise in diastolic BP (DBP) was slightly higher in girls.

Influence of Implant Position on Stress Distribution in Implant-Assisted Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures: A 3D Finite Element Analysis.

Objective: Distal extension removable partial denture is a prosthesis with lack of distal dental support with a 13-fold difference in resiliency between the mucosa and the periodontal ligament, resulting in leverage during compression forces. It may be potentially destructive to the abutments and the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of implant location on stress distribution, in distal extension implant assisted removable partial dentures.

The effect of sterilization and number of use on the accuracy of friction-style mechanical torque limiting devices for dental implants.

Background: Mechanical torque limiting devices (MTLDs) are necessary tools to control a peak torque and achieving target values of screw component of dental implants. Due to probable effect of autoclaving and number of use on the accuracy of these devices, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sterilization and number of use on the accuracy of friction-style mechanical torque limiting devices (F-S MTLDs) in achieving their target torque values.

Materials And Methods: Peak torque measurements of 15 new F-S MTLDs from three different manufacturers (Astra Tech, BioHorizons, Dr.

The effect of aging on the accuracy of new friction-style mechanical torque limiting devices for dental implants.

Objective: High variability in delivering the target torque is reported for friction-style mechanical torque limiting devices (F-S MTLDs). The effect of aging (number of use) on the accuracy of these devices is not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aging on the accuracy (±10% of the target torque) of F-S MTLDs.

The effect of steam sterilization on the accuracy of spring-style mechanical torque devices for dental implants.

Background: Mechanical torque devices (MTDs) are one of the most commonly recommended devices used to deliver optimal torque to the screw of dental implants. Recently, high variability has been reported about the accuracy of spring-style mechanical torque devices (S-S MTDs). Joint stability and survival rate of fixed implant supported prosthesis depends on the accuracy of these devices.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of MTAD, NaOCl against selected endodontic pathogens.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of MTAD, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and their combination on endodontic micro-organisms.

Materials And Methods: Zone of Inhibition (ZI) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were the techniques used. In ZI technique blood agar plates were inoculated with organisms, paper discs were soaked with irrigants and maximum zones of bacterial inhibition were recorded.