Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity and excessive ROS mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and p53-independent apoptosis in melanoma cells.

Nanotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the targeted and efficient treatment of melanoma, the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, with minimized systemic toxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) in melanoma treatment remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of CoONPs in melanoma treatment by evaluating their impact on cell viability, genomic DNA and mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis induction in melanoma A-375 cells.