Human Health and Ecological Risks Associated with Total and Bioaccessible Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead in Urban Park Soils.

This study investigated the total and bioaccessible concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in urban soils and their associated human health and ecological risk. Total and bioaccessible metal concentrations were found within the safe limits except for Cd, surpassing the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) China limit in 9.5% of parks.

Decarboxylative oxidation-enabled consecutive C-C bond cleavage.

The selective cleavage of C-C bonds is of fundamental interest because it provides an alternative approach to traditional chemical synthesis, which is focused primarily on building up molecular complexity. However, current C-C cleavage methods provide only limited opportunities. For example, selective C(sp)-C(sp) bond cleavage generally relies on the use of transition-metal to open strained ring systems or iminyl and alkoxy radicals to induce β-fragmentation.

A General Method for Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Hydroxylation of Carboxylic Acids.

A general and practical method for decarboxylative hydroxylation of carboxylic acids was developed through visible light-induced photocatalysis using molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. The addition of NaBH to in situ reduce the unstable peroxyl radical intermediate much broadened the substrate scope. Different sp carbon-bearing carboxylic acids were successfully employed as substrates, including phenylacetic acid-type substrates, as well as aliphatic carboxylic acids.