Organophosphorus pesticide tolerance of transgenic by bacterial B gene encode organophosphorus hydrolase.

Organophosphate hydrolase (OphB) gene from sp. was transferred into plants to observe the bioremediation ability and tolerance level of the transgenic plant to organophosphate pesticides contaminants. Gene transfer was observed by PCR of the transgenic plants' genomic DNA.

Binding affinity and adhesion force of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme with soil particles related to the isoelectric point of the enzyme.

The binding affinity of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme (OphB) with soil particles in relation to the isoelectric point (pI) was studied. Immobilization of OphB with soil particles was observed by confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The calculated pI of OphB enzyme was increased from 8.

Comparison between solid-state and powder-state alkali pretreatment on saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production from rice straw.

The efficacy of different concentrations of NaOH (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.

Cloning and expression of ophB gene encoding organophosphorus hydrolase from endophytic Pseudomonas sp. BF1-3 degrades organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that has adverse effect on animals and plants. We isolated endophytic bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. BF1-3, from balloon flower root which can hydrolyze chlorpyrifos.

Use of bottom ash of waste coal as an effective microbial carrier.

An experiment was done to determine the efficacy of waste bottom ash as an effective microbial carrier. Bottom ash found to be a suitable microbial carrier. The average of viable cells of Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 (as a test biocontrol agent) in bottom ash samples was about 10(8) cfu/10 ± 2 mg.

Metagenomic characterization of oyster shell dump reveals predominance of Firmicutes bacteria.

Metagenomic analyses were conducted to evaluate the biodiversity of oyster shell bacteria, under storage conditions, on the basis of 16s rDNA sequences. Temperature was recorded during a one year storage period, and the highest temperature (about 60 degrees C) was observed after five months ofstorage. Bacterial diversity was greatest in the initial stage sample, with 33 different phylotypes classified under seven phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and unclassified bacteria), with 42.

Composted oyster shell as lime fertilizer is more effective than fresh oyster shell.

Physio-chemical changes in oyster shell were examined, and fresh and composted oyster shell meals were compared as lime fertilizers in soybean cultivation. Structural changes in oyster shell were observed by AFM and FE-SEM. We found that grains of the oyster shell surface became smoother and smaller over time.

Organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) of Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 from kimchi is able to degrade organophosphorus pesticides.

Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 that is capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos was isolated from kimchi. The opdB gene cloned from this strain revealed 825 bp, encoding 274 aa, and an enzyme molecular weight of about 27 kDa. OpdB contains the same Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif found in most bacterial and eukaryotic esterase, lipase, and serine hydrolases, yet it is a novel member of the GDSVG family of esterolytic enzymes.

Effect of plant age on endophytic bacterial diversity of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root and their antimicrobial activities.

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is widely cultivated vegetable and used as a remedy for asthma in East Asia. Experiments were conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria from 1-, 3-, and 6-year-old balloon flower roots and to analyze the enzymatic, antifungal, and anti-human pathogenic activities of the potential endophytic biocontrol agents obtained. Total 120 bacterial colonies were isolated from the interior of all balloon flower roots samples.

Isolation of a novel gene encoding a 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading enzyme from a cow rumen metagenomic library.

3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is a major metabolite of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and is hazardous to human and animal health. A gene encoding a TCP degrading enzyme was cloned from a metagenomic library prepared from cow rumen. The gene (tcp3A) is 2.

Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation.

We examined the role of microorganisms in the degradation of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP) during kimchi fermentation. During the fermentation of kimchi, 30 mg L(-1) of CP was added and its stability assayed during fermentation. CP was degraded rapidly until day 3 (83.

Novel multiplex PCR for the detection of lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation.

We developed a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species, and used it to examine the LAB species involved in kimchi fermentation. The LAB profile during kimchi fermentation varied with pH and acidity. Leuconostoc mesenteroides was observed during early fermentation (pH 5.

Culture-independent analysis of microbial succession during composting of Swine slurry and mushroom cultural wastes.

Bacterial diversity and the composition of individual communities during the composting process of swine and mushroom cultural wastes in a field-scale composter (Hazaka system) were examined using a PCR-based approach. The composting process was divided into six stages based on recorded temperature changes. Phylogenetic analysis of eighty 16S rRNA sequences from uncultured composting bacterial groups revealed the presence of representatives from three divisions, including plant pathogenic bacteria, high-molecule-degrading bacteria and spore-forming bacteria.

Bacterial diversity and structural changes of oyster shell during 1-year storage.

We examined the biodiversity of bacteria associated with oyster-shell waste during a 1-year storage period using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. Temperature variation and structural changes of oyster shell were observed during storage. Initial and final temperatures were at 16-17 degrees C, but a high temperature of about 60 degrees C was recorded after approximately 6 months of storage.

Cloning of two cellulase genes from endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 and comparison with cel 44C-man 26A.

Endophytic bacteria are acknowledged as a new source of genes, proteins and other biochemical compounds, which are often used in biochemical processes. In this study, Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 was isolated from the interior of the roots of Korean cultivars of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A.

Comparative analysis of the glg operons of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 and other prokaryotes.

A chromosomal region of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 that contains of genes for glycogen synthesis was isolated from a cosmid library. The operon consists of glycogen branching enzyme (glgB), glycogen debranching enzyme (glgX), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), glycogen synthase (glgA), and glycogen phosphorylase (glgP) genes. Gene organization is similar to that of Escherichia coli.

Changes in the activity of the multifunctional beta-glycosyl hydrolase (Cel44C-Man26A) from Paenibacillus polymyxa by removal of the C-terminal region to minimum size.

Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 secretes Cel44C-Man26A as a multifunctional enzyme with cellulase, xylanase, lichenase, and mannanase activities. Cel44C-Man26A consists of 1,352 amino acids in which present a catalytic domain (CD) of the glycosyl hydrolase family 44 (GH44), fibronectin domain type 3 (Fn3), catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 26 (GH26), and a cellulose-binding module type 3 (CBM3). A truncated Cel44C-Man26A protein, consisting of 549 amino acid residues, reacted as a multifunctional mature enzyme despite the absence of the 10 amino acids containing GH44, Fn3, GH26, and CBM3.