Clinical spectrum of bilateral microspherophakia and risk factors associated with poor visual outcomes following lensectomy surgery - A multicentric study.

Purpose: To study the clinical profile of patients with microspherophakia and the factors associated with poor vision following lensectomy surgery.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted from January 2010 to June 2022 on patients diagnosed with microspherophakia.

Results: A total of 102 eyes from 51 patients were enrolled, of whom 24 (47.

Comparative effectiveness of olodaterol/tiotropium and vilanterol/umeclidinium among COPD patients: a high-dimensional propensity score matched new user cohort study in a US medicare population.

Background: Two long-acting muscarinic antagonist inhaler fixed dose combinations (olodaterol/tiotropium (OLO/TIO) and vilanterol/umeclidinium (VI/UMEC)) have once-a-day dosing for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to compare clinical effectiveness of these inhalers in terms of ability to prevent severe COPD exacerbations in a United States Medicare population.

Research Design And Methods: Using nationally representative Medicare data (2013-2019), we employed a new user, active comparator design among beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with COPD.

Post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) (Covishield) Brachial Plexitis - Report of Two Cases Along with Review of Literature.

Various neurological complications have been linked with vaccines ranging from encephalitis, stroke, ADEM to GBS and many more. Although both viral as well as bacterial vaccines have been reported to cause neurological adverse events, brachial plexitis following vaccination is very uncommon. Vaccination drive against COVID-19 was started on 16th Jan 2021 in India.

A feasibility study using quantitative and interpretable histological analyses of celiac disease for automated cell type and tissue area classification.

Histological assessment is essential for the diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Current scoring systems, including modified Marsh (Marsh-Oberhuber) score, lack inter-pathologist agreement. To address this unmet need, we aimed to develop a fully automated, quantitative approach for histology characterisation of celiac disease.

Obstructive sleep apnea in 12 to 24 months old toddlers referred for sleep study in a tertiary care center.

Purpose: To assess OSA prevalence, comorbidities, and the influence of sleep stages and body positions on respiratory events distribution in toddlers aged 12-24 months.

Methods: A single center retrospective study that included toddlers aged 12-24 months old who underwent overnight PSG. OSA severity was categorized by obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) as mild (1-4.

Visual and Anatomic Responses in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and a Suboptimal Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy Switched to Faricimab.

To determine the efficacy of switching to intravitreal (IVT) faricimab in patients with treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and determine the rates of reversion to original antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with nAMD and persistent fluid on optical coherence tomography previously treated with anti-VEGF injections who received at least 1 IVT faricimab injection between March 1, 2022, and January 31, 2023. The study comprised 135 eyes of 119 patients.

Multi-institutional Evaluation and Training of Breast Density Classification AI Algorithm Using ACR Connect and AI-LAB.

Objective: To demonstrate and test the capabilities of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Connect and AI-LAB software platform by implementing multi-institutional artificial intelligence (AI) training and validation for breast density classification.

Methods: In this proof-of-concept study, six U.S.

Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a common cause of pain and disability in the United States. Many patients experience pain that is refractory or unable to be treated by traditional treatments such as exercise, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. For patients with medically refractory disease, intra-articular corticosteroid therapy, hyaluronic acid, or surgery can be considered.

Hanle Effect for Lifetime Determinations in the Soft X-Ray Regime.

By exciting a series of 1s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→1snp^{1}P_{1} transitions in heliumlike nitrogen ions with linearly polarized monochromatic soft x rays at the Elettra facility, we found a change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence sensitive to the principal quantum number n. In particular it is observed that the ratio of emission in directions parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of incident radiation increases with higher n. We find this n dependence to be a manifestation of the Hanle effect, which served as a practical tool for lifetime determinations of optical transitions since its discovery in 1924.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Breast Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/objectives: To determine the impact of stereotactic radiosurgery on outcomes of metastatic breast cancer with intracranial metastases.

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies published between 1 January 1990 and 1 August 2024. Primary research articles evaluating the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery on intracranial metastases from breast cancer were included.

Mammary myofibroblastoma of the male breast: a case report and literature review.

Mammary myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a rare benign spindle cell tumour predominantly affecting males, but also observed in postmenopausal females. Its diagnosis remains challenging owing to overlapping histological features with malignant lesions and limited tissue sampling in core biopsies. We present a case of incidentally discovered mammary MFB in a 63-year-old man and review its clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics.

Reimagining Deintensification for Low-Risk Breast Cancer.

As outcomes for low-risk breast cancer continue to improve, research and clinical paradigms are increasingly focused on appropriate deintensification with the goal of improving the therapeutic ratio of breast cancer treatment. These deintensification approaches span across disciplines including breast surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. With regard to breast surgery, studies have continued to push deintensification when it comes to surgical margins with breast conservation, reducing re-excision rates, whereas deintensification of axillary surgery has reduced the rates of axillary lymph node dissection and increasingly the need for any axillary surgery, including sentinel lymph node biopsy for low-risk patients.

A 7-Gene Biosignature for Ductal Carcinoma in situ of the Breast Identifies Subpopulations of HER2-positive Patients With Distinct Recurrence Rates After Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: A subpopulation of women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains at risk for in-breast recurrence (IBR) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation therapy (RT). The NSABP B-43 trial evaluated the role of concurrent RT and trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive DCIS but did not reach the prespecified endpoint. We hypothesized that a 7-gene biosignature (DCISionRT) with its Residual Risk subtype (RRt) could identify 2 groups of HER2(3+) patients with significantly different IBR risks after BCS plus RT.

Optimizing IOL Calculators with Deep Learning Prediction of Total Corneal Astigmatism.

: This study aims to identify the most accurate regression model for predicting total corneal astigmatism (TCA) from anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) and to fine-tune the best model's architecture to further optimize predictive accuracy. : A retrospective review of 19,468 eyes screened for refractive surgery was conducted using electronic medical records. Corneal topography data were acquired using the Pentacam HR.

Torsemide as a Primary Choice in Edema Associated with Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) is the fastest-growing disease with a higher fatality rate. The most differentiating feature of HF is pulmonary or peripheral edema, which is characterized by a gradient between intravascular and extravascular pressure. Loop diuretics were chosen as the primary treatment for edema associated with HF due to their efficacy and early onset of action.