Effects of crown-root angle on stress distribution in the maxillary central incisors' PDL during application of intrusive and retraction forces: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Background: Different crown-root angulations of maxillary central incisors can be assumed as a potential reason for many underscored outcomes of orthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the different crown-root angles on stress distributions in the maxillary central incisor's periodontal ligament (PDL) during application of intrusive and retraction forces using a 3D finite element method.

Methods: Two models of a maxillary central incisor were constructed using ANSYS software: the first one with an angle of 166.

Microleakage evaluation of core buildup composite resins with total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems.

Aim: Core buildup composite resins with prefabricated posts are commonly used to restore endodontically treated teeth. This study compared the sealing ability of Core Max II and Panavia F2.0 cement with total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems.