Assessment of COVID-19 management and its consequences on healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh.

Objective: This explorative study aims to identify the gaps in COVID-19 management and their consequences on physicians in terms of contracting infection and psychological well-being during the early phase of the pandemic.

Design, Settings And Participants: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional online study to collect information from 420 intern doctors who were at their internship in government medical colleges from February to August 2020.

Methods: We performed univariate and bivariate analyses to assess COVID-19 management.

Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry () during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature.

Būt () is an indigenous wild blueberry found in Oman. It has a very short season and is commonly preserved by drying. The aims of this study were to determine the physico-chemical characteristics and stability of phytochemicals (i.

Phospholipids molecular species, proteins secondary structure, and emulsion microstructure of egg yolk with reduced polar and/or nonpolar lipids.

This study investigated the phospholipids (PLs) molecular species (PLs-MS), protein secondary structure (PSS), and emulsion microstructure of the egg yolk (EY) treated with supercritical-CO (T1), hexane (T2), and ethanol {at room temperature (T3) and 65 °C (T4)}. PLs-MS, PSS, and microstructure of EY emulsion were investigated with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, Fourier-transforms infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscope, respectively. Predominant PLs molecular fractions were C18:0-C20:4, C18:0-C20:4, C16:0-C18:2, C16:0, C18:0-C18:2, and d18:1/16:0, for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine, respectively.

Atypical structural connectivity of language networks in autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show pervasive and complex language impairments that are closely associated with aberrant structural connectivity of language networks. However, the characteristics of white matter connectivity in ASD have remained inconclusive in previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. The current meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively elucidate the abnormality in language-related white matter connectivity in individuals with ASD.

Trend and projection of skilled birth attendants and institutional delivery coverage for adolescents in 54 low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2030.

Background: Limitations to accessing delivery care services increase the risks of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and delivery for all pregnant women, particularly among adolescents in LMICs. In order to inform adolescent-specific delivery care initiatives and coverage, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of trends, projections and inequalities in coverage of delivery care services among adolescents at national, urban-rural and socio-economic levels in LMICs.

Methods: Using 224 nationally representative cross-sectional survey data between 2000 and 2019, we estimated the coverage of institutional delivery (INSD) and skilled birth attendants (SBA).

Reduction in total and major cause-specific mortality from tobacco smoking cessation: a pooled analysis of 16 population-based cohort studies in Asia.

Background: Little is known about the time course of mortality reduction following smoking cessation in Asians who have smoking behaviours distinct from their Western counterparts. We evaluated the level of reduction in all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung cancer mortality by years since quitting smoking, in Asia.

Methods: Using Cox regression, we analysed individual participant data (n = 709 151) from 16 prospective cohorts conducted in China, Japan, Korea/Singapore, and India/Bangladesh, separately by cohorts.

Association of Sleep Duration With All- and Major-Cause Mortality Among Adults in Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea.

Importance: The association between long sleep duration and mortality appears stronger in East Asian populations than in North American or European populations.

Objectives: To assess the sex-specific association between sleep duration and all-cause and major-cause mortality in a pooled longitudinal cohort and to stratify the association by age and body mass index.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study of individual-level data from 9 cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium was performed from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2002.

Evaluation of chicken nugget properties using spent hen meat added with milk fat and potato mash at different levels.

This study was aimed to develop chicken nuggets using spent hen meat (SHM) added with milk fat (MF) and potato mash (PM) at different levels. Four different spent hen nuggets (SHNs) i.e.

Volatile and nonvolatile taste compounds and their correlation with umami and flavor characteristics of chicken nuggets added with milkfat and potato mash.

This study investigated the chemical compounds and umami characteristics of chicken nuggets using spent meat (SM) enriched with milkfat (MF) and potato mash (PM). Four different spent nuggets (SNs) i.e.

Quantifying the association of low-intensity and late initiation of tobacco smoking with total and cause-specific mortality in Asia.

Background: Little is known about the health harms associated with low-intensity smoking in Asians who, on average, smoke fewer cigarettes and start smoking at a later age than their Western counterparts.

Methods: In this pooled analysis of 738 013 Asians from 16 prospective cohorts, we quantified the associations of low-intensity (<5 cigarettes/day) and late initiation (≥35 years) of smoking with mortality outcomes. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated for each cohort by Cox regression.

The establishment of the Household Air Pollution Consortium (HAPCO).

Household air pollution (HAP) is of public health concern with ~3 billion people worldwide (including >15 million in the US) exposed. HAP from coal use is a human lung carcinogen, yet the epidemiological evidence on carcinogenicity of HAP from biomass use, primarily wood, is not conclusive. To robustly assess biomass's carcinogenic potential, prospective studies of individuals experiencing a variety of HAP exposures are needed.

Changes in physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of pre- and post-rigor frozen chicken muscles during cold storage.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rigor state on physicochemical characteristics and the oxidative stability of chicken leg and breast muscles as a function of freezing time. Breast and leg muscles were excised from 24 broiler chickens at 30 min or 1.5 h postmortem (PM), frozen overnight at - 75 °C immediately, and then stored at - 20 °C for 90 days to measure the meat quality traits.

Association of Diabetes With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Asia: A Pooled Analysis of More Than 1 Million Participants.

Importance: Asia is home to the largest diabetic populations in the world. However, limited studies have quantified the association of diabetes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asian populations.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of diabetes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asia and to investigate potential effect modifications of the diabetes-mortality associations by participants' age, sex, education level, body mass index, and smoking status.

Tobacco Smoking and Mortality in Asia: A Pooled Meta-analysis.

Importance: Understanding birth cohort-specific tobacco smoking patterns and their association with total and cause-specific mortality is important for projecting future deaths due to tobacco smoking across Asian populations.

Objectives: To assess secular trends of tobacco smoking by countries or regions and birth cohorts and evaluate the consequent mortality in Asian populations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This pooled meta-analysis was based on individual participant data from 20 prospective cohort studies participating in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Physicochemical properties, sensory traits and storage stability of reduced-fat frankfurters formulated by replacing beef tallow with defatted bovine heart.

The consumer interests for low-fat meat products are increasing to reduce obesity and chronic diseases. Reduced-fat frankfurter (RFF) was prepared by replacing beef tallow with defatted bovine heart (DBH) produced by supercritical-CO (SC-CO) and hexane. Six different frankfurters i.

Yield and physicochemical properties of low fat tofu prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide treated soy flours with different fat levels.

The consumer demands for low fat foods are increasing to reduce obesity and chronic diseases. Low-fat tofu (LFT) was prepared using soy flours treated with supercritical CO (SC-CO) at pressures of 10, 20, and 30 MPa. After SC-CO treatment, the residual oil contents of the soy flours were 12.

Thermal and functional characteristics of defatted bovine heart using supercritical CO and organic solvent.

Background: Consumer demand for low-fat foods has been increasing as a result of attempts to reduce obesity and chronic diseases. Bovine heart was defatted using supercritical CO (SC-CO ) at different pressures together with solvent extraction to produce a protein-based functional ingredient for low-fat food products. Thermal and functional characteristics of control and defatted samples were compared.

The Quality Improvement of Emulsion-type Pork Sausages Formulated by Substituting Pork Back fat with Rice Bran Oil.

The effects of pork back fat (PBF) substitution with various concentrations of rice bran oil (RBO) (50%, 45%, 40% and 35%) on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory attributes of emulsion-type pork sausages were studied. The modified pork sausages were compared with control sausages produced using PBF only. The sausages with RBO had significantly lower (<0.

Association of leisure-time physical activity with total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of nearly a half million adults in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: Most previous studies evaluating the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of death were conducted among generally healthy individuals of European ancestry. We investigated the association of LTPA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among East Asian populations, including healthy individuals and those with existing chronic diseases, which has been less well characterized.

Methods: We performed pooled analyses among 467 729 East Asian individuals recruited in nine prospective cohorts included in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Comparative study of the quality characteristics of defatted soy flour treated by supercritical carbon dioxide and organic solvent.

Defatted soy flour is a potential source of food protein, amino acids, ash and isoflavones. The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) and a traditional organic solvent extraction methods were used to remove fat from soy flour, and the quality characteristics of a control soy flour (CSF), defatted soy flour by SC-CO (DSFSC-CO) and defatted soy flour by an organic solvent (DSF-OS) were compared. The SC-CO process was carried out at a constant temperature of 45 °C, and a pressure of 40 MPa for 3 h with a CO flow rate of 30 g/min.

Nutritional Quality and Physicochemical Characteristics of Defatted Bovine Liver Treated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Organic Solvent.

Defatted bovine liver (DBL) is a potential source of protein and minerals. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) and a traditional organic solvent method were used to remove lipid from bovine liver, and the quality characteristics of a control bovine liver (CBL), bovine liver defatted by SC-CO (DBLSC-CO) at different pressures, and bovine liver defatted by organic solvent (DBL-OS) were compared. The DBLSC-CO samples had significantly higher (<0.

Drug diffusion, integration, and stability of nanoengineered drug-releasing implants in bone ex-vivo.

To treat skeletal conditions such as bone infections, osteoporotic fractures, and osteosarcoma, it would be ideal to introduce drugs directly to the affected site. Localized drug delivery from the bone implants is a promising alternative to systemic drug administration. In this study we investigated electrochemically nanoengineered Ti wire implants with titania nanotubes (TNTs), as minimally invasive drug-releasing implants for the delivery of drugs directly into the bone tissue.

Localized drug delivery of selenium (Se) using nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide for bone implants.

Electrochemically engineered nanoporous anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) prepared on aluminium (Al) foil by anodization process was employed as a platform for loading different forms of selenium (Se) in order to investigate their release behaviour and potential application for localized drug delivery targeting bone cancer. Several forms of Se including inorganic Se (HSeO), organic Se ((CH)Se), metallic Se, their chitosan composites, electrodeposited (ED) and chemical vapour deposited (CVD) Se were explored and combined with another model drug (indomethacin). Structural, drug-loading and in vitro drug-releasing characteristics of prepared Se-based drug delivery carriers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively.

Nanoengineered drug releasing aluminium wire implants: a model study for localized bone therapy.

A needle puncture approach using nanoengineered aluminium (Al) wires as drug-releasing implants is explored for localized drug delivery in bone using an ex vivo bone reactor. The wire implants were prepared by electrochemical anodization with the formation of a thin nanoporous alumina (NPA) layer on their surface and pore diameters of 30-35 nm and pore lengths of 10-60 μm. An in vitro drug release study of a model drug from the implants, prepared with different thicknesses of NPA layers (pore lengths), showed a considerable influence on drug release characteristics.