Lining the small intestine with mycobacteriophages protects from subsp. and eliminates fecal shedding.

Johne's disease (JD), a chronic, infectious enteritis caused by subsp. (MAP), affects wild and domestic ruminants. There is no cure or effective prevention, and current vaccines have substantial limitations, leaving this disease widespread in all substantial dairy industries causing economic, and animal welfare implications.

Minor, Nonterpenoid Volatile Compounds Drive the Aroma Differences of Exotic .

L. produces a wide variety of volatile secondary metabolites that contribute to its unique aroma. The major volatile constituents include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their oxygenated derivates.

Relative burden of large CNVs on a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes.

While numerous studies have implicated copy number variants (CNVs) in a range of neurological phenotypes, the impact relative to disease severity has been difficult to ascertain due to small sample sizes, lack of phenotypic details, and heterogeneity in platforms used for discovery. Using a customized microarray enriched for genomic hotspots, we assayed for large CNVs among 1,227 individuals with various neurological deficits including dyslexia (376), sporadic autism (350), and intellectual disability (ID) (501), as well as 337 controls. We show that the frequency of large CNVs (>1 Mbp) is significantly greater for ID-associated phenotypes compared to autism (p = 9.

Copy number variation analysis in single-suture craniosynostosis: multiple rare variants including RUNX2 duplication in two cousins with metopic craniosynostosis.

Little is known about genes that underlie isolated single-suture craniosynostosis. In this study, we hypothesize that rare copy number variants (CNV) in patients with isolated single-suture craniosynostosis contain genes important for cranial development. Using whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we evaluated DNA from 186 individuals with single-suture craniosynostosis for submicroscopic deletions and duplications.

A method for rapid, targeted CNV genotyping identifies rare variants associated with neurocognitive disease.

Copy-number variants (CNVs) are substantial contributors to human disease. A central challenge in CNV-disease association studies is to characterize the pathogenicity of rare and possibly incompletely penetrant events, which requires the accurate detection of rare CNVs in large numbers of individuals. Cost and throughput issues limit our ability to perform these studies.

Physical activity and exercise training prescriptions for patients.

The dominant outcome from exercise prescription is an increase in various markers of exercise capacity. A very large group of studies have demonstrated that the VO2max is increased in response to exercise performed according to well-accepted principles of exercise prescription. Other markers of exercise capacity, such as the VT, also improve substantially following exercise training.

[Taktivin treatment of immunologic disorders in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NSUC) varying in severity was treated by conventional methods (49 patients) against combined treatment including tactivin (93 patients). All the patients were examined immunologically at admission and in the course of the treatment. The drug produced a positive effect on immunological status, treatment effectiveness rose, NSUC exacerbations rapidly attenuated.

State-to-State Rates for the D + H2(v = 1, j = 1) rarr HD(v', j') + H Reaction: Predictions and Measurements.

A fully quantal wavepacket approach to reactive scattering in which the best available H(3) potential energy surface was used enabled a comparison with experimentally determined rates for the D + H(2)(v = 1, j = 1) --> HD(v' = 0, 1, 2; j') + H reaction at significantly higher total energies (1.4 to 2.25 electron volts) than previously possible.

[Changes in prostaglandin levels in the blood of patients with various forms of chronic colitis before and after treatment].

Plasma prostaglandins have been studied in 306 patients with chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis. These were found elevated and related to the disease gravity. Treatment succeeded in normalizing prostaglandin, concentrations only in mild ulcerative colitis.

[Plasma levels of endogenous opioid peptides in patients with chronic colitis].

Abnormal content and proportion of leucin-and methionine-enkephalins and beta-endorphin were found in blood plasma of chronic colitis sufferers. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis was associated with relevant peptides deficiency varying with the disease gravity, whereas in catarrhal colitis the peptides concentration was significantly elevated. Endogenous opioid peptides seem to play a role in pathogenesis of various colitis forms.

Cafe coronary: recognition, treatment and prevention.

Cafe coronary or foreign body upper airway obstruction claims more than 3,000 deaths each year in the United States. Early recognition of airway obstruction is imperative, because hypoxia of only four to six minutes' duration may result in irreversible brain damage. Fortunately, the foreign body preventing adequate air exchange can often be dislodged and expelled once the correct emergency procedures are implemented.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and pain relief: an overview.

Pain serves a very useful purpose. It is an important symptom for the physician when diagnosing disease. Pain is often thought of as a secondary phenomenon for some sort of bodily dysfunction.

The early diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease.

The time has long since passed when gangrene followed by amputation was the anticipated outcome of peripheral vascular disease of the extremities. Nevertheless, today in the United States it is estimated that there are more than half a million amputees. With preventive measures, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment, gangrene will be avoided and the patient will retain the use of his limbs.

Stress and ulceration: medico-legal aspects.

This paper outlines the possibility of acute, and perhaps, fatal, if not diagnosed, stress ulcers precipitated by trauma, surgery, or other potentiating events. It should once again be emphasized that prevention is the best treatment for the stress-induced ulcer, and that this prevention may occur at both a secondary level (defusion of emotive or physical precipitators) and a primary level (reduction of gastric acid and/or bleeding).

Antimicrobial prophylaxis.

This paper discusses when antimicrobial prophylaxis should be initiated and when it is not recommended as an effective treatment or means of prophylaxis. Various surgical procedures take complete advantage of the effectiveness of such prophylaxis against the emergence of infection and complications; however, the possibility of superinfection is always present and should not be overlooked by the attending physician.