[Respiratory complications of propofol, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children aged 1 month to 3 years: a randomized trial].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of propofol, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine on respiratory complications in children undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).

Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted among 120 children aged 1 month to 3 years undergoing FOB. The patients were randomized into 3 groups (=40) for anesthesia induction with sevoflurane inhalation, 1 mg/kg propofol, or 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine before bronchoscopy, and the changes in hemodynamic parameters, sedation level, and respiratory complications during and after the procedure were assessed.

The Effect of Different Fluid Therapy Methods on Hemodynamic Parameters, Blood Sugar, Blood Gases, and Blood Electrolytes in Six Months to Four Years Old Children Undergoing Surgery.

Background: Considering the necessity of employing an appropriate fluid therapy for patients during the surgery to have hemodynamic stability and electrolyte balance and the lack of studies addressing children in this regard, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of different fluid therapy methods on hemodynamic parameters, blood sugar (BS), blood gases, and blood electrolytes in children undergoing surgery.

Materials And Methods: The current clinical trial was conducted on 105 children aged 6 months to 4 years that were candidates for surgery. These patients were randomly divided into three groups undergoing intraoperative fluid therapy with 1/5-4/5 serum, Ringer's, and 1/3-2/3 serum.

The Effect of Preoperative Combined with Intravenous Lidocaine and Ketamine vs. Intravenous Ketamine on Pediatric Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Background: Ketamine is widely used in pediatric sedation. New studies have recommended combination therapy to reduce the side effects of ketamine.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of adding intravenous (IV) lidocaine to ketamine on hemodynamic parameters, endoscopist satisfaction, and recovery time of children undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

The Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Controlled Hypotension on Perioperative Blood Loss in Craniosynostosis Surgery.

Background: Open cranial vault reconstruction is the standard technique of craniosynostosis correction that may cause significant blood loss.

Objectives: The current study aimed at comparing the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA), controlled hypotension, and their combination on perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirement in craniosynostosis surgery.

Methods: The present randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 75 infants referred for craniosynostosis surgery during 2017 - 2018.

Comparative Study of the Effect of Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine to Prevent Emergence Agitation in Tonsillectomy in Children Aged 2 to 12 Years Old.

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is one of the complications following anesthesia in pediatric surgery. Various drugs are used to prevent this complication, and one of them is dexmedetomidine. Choosing the right dose of this drug for the best efficiency is an important issue due to this complication.

Evaluation of Ventilation with Nasal Versus Face Mask After General Anesthesia Induction in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Because of some difficulties during face mask ventilation in unconscious patients, such as upper airway obstruction patients, we conducted this study to compare nasal and face mask ventilation during general anesthesia induction.

Methods: In this clinical trial study, 70 patients between 3 and 12 years old undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery with general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. After administration of induction agents, one group was ventilated with the face mask and 100% oxygenation in three minutes and the other with the nasal mask.

Premedication Propofol Dose to Prevent Emergency Delirium.

One of the most common complications in general anesthesia is the Emergence delirium (ED). Many agents have been studied for prevention of ED, among which propofol has been successfully used. However, there is no information about the optimal dosage of this agent considering the ultimate outcome and the adverse effects; therefore, aimed to assess in this study.

Comparative study of the effect of administering two doses of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is a safe and common operation to remove adenoids and tonsils. Here we decided to compare the two dosages of tranexamic acid and their effects on hemodynamic changes and anesthesia-related indexes during surgical interventions.

Methods: This is a double-blinded clinical trial performed in 2019-2020 on 64 children who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy.

Comparative Evaluation of Difficult Intubation Predictors in Children Under Two Years of Ages.

Background: Tracheal intubation is the most reliable way of securing an airway. Pediatric airway management is one of the significant challenges, especially for non-pediatric anesthesiologists. Early airway evaluation for detecting difficult intubation and preventing catastrophic events is necessary before anesthesia, especially in children.

Effects of the Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Sedation, Agitation, and Bleeding During Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy.

Background: Due to the importance of dexmedetomidine and its different dosages, here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine in sedation, agitation, and bleeding in pediatrics undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 105 pediatric patients that were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. Then, the patients were divided into three groups receiving dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, diluted dexmedetomidine at 1 µg/kg, and normal saline.

Comparison of Two Dosages of Ketamine in Preventing Fentanyl-Induced Coughs in Children.

Background: Fentanyl is a short-acting drug used to induce anesthesia. Here, we aimed to compare the two doses of ketamine to prevent fentanyl-induced cough in children under general anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: This is a randomized, clinical trial which was performed in 2019 in Imam Hossein Hospital in Isfahan, Iran.

Selection of the optimal dosage of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss during pediatric cleft palate surgery.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and select the optimal dosage of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss during cleft palate surgery in children.

Materials And Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 80 children under 3 years of age that were candidates for cleft palate surgery. These children were divided into four groups as follows: the first, second, and third groups received 5, 7.

Comparing the safety and efficacy of three different doses of atracurium in facilitating the insertion of laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three different doses of atracurium on conditions of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion, first-try success rate, and possible complications.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 patient's ≥18 years old were randomly divided into three groups of 40. The study groups received fentanyl 2 μg/kg thiopental 5 mg/kg and atracurium in doses 0.

Prophylactic Effects of Intravenous Dexamethasone and Lidocaine on Attenuating Hemodynamic-Respiratory and Pain Complications in Children Undergoing Cleft Palate Repair Surgery With General Anesthesia.

This study aimed to compare the prophylactic effects of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone and lidocaine on hemodynamic condition, respiratory complications, pain control, and vomit incidence following cleft palate repair surgery. This double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out on 87 children assigned to three groups. Prior to anesthesia, subjects in groups D and L received 0.

Comparison the Effects of Ephedrine and Lidocaine in Treatment of Intraoperative Hiccups in Gynecologic Surgery under Sedation.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects of ephedrine and lidocaine in treatment of intraoperative hiccups in gynecologic surgery under sedation.

Materials And Methods: This randomized clinical trial in Isfahan was done on fifty female patients referring to Shahid Beheshti Hospital who needed to have sedation for medical interventions and they afflicted hiccups during surgery or sedation. Patients divided into two groups of 25 randomly assigned to one of the two groups of ephedrine or lidocaine.

Evaluation the effect of breathing filters on end-tidal carbon dioxide during inferior abdominal surgery in infants and changes of tidal volume and respiratory rate needs for preventing of increasing end-tidal carbon dioxide.

Background: The aim of this study was to prevent of increasing end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO with changing of vital capacity and respiratory rate when using of birthing filter in infants.

Materials And Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, ninety-four infant' patients were studied in three groups. Basic values, such as peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and partial pressure of ET CO (PETCO) level had been evaluated after intubation, 10 min after intubation and 10 min after filter insertion.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF PREEMPTIVE INTRAVENOUS AND RECTAL ACETAMINOPHEN ON PAIN MANAGEMENT AFTER INGUINAL HERNIORRHAPHY IN CHILDREN: A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY.

Background: Postoperative pain management is a critical concern in pediatric surgery. Acetaminophen is the safest and most widely used analgesic in children. The present study compared the analgesic efficacy of intravenous (IV) and rectal acetaminophen versus placebo in children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANALGESIC EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS PETHIDINE VS. KETOROLAC AFTER INGUINAL HERNIA SURGERY IN CHILDREN UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA.

Introduction: Postoperative pain due to tissue damage caused during surgery not only causes discomfort for the patients, but can also result in prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity and respiratory disorders, and readmission to the hospital. For postoperative pain control, numerous methods and medications have been suggested, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotics. Pethidine, as a narcotic analgesic, and ketorolac, as an NSAID, are widely used for pain control.

COMPARISON OF PRE-EMPTIVE EFFECT OF MELOXICAM AND CELECOXCIB ON POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA: A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Introduction: Pre-emptive analgesia may reduce pain, accelerate recovery and shorten the duration of hospitalization. The present study aims to compare the preemptive analgesic effects of meloxicam and celecoxib in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.

Method: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 70 patients, undergoing lower extremity surgery, entered in the study; thirty five patients were randomly allocated to either group using random allocation software.

A randomized evaluation of intravenous dexamethasone versus oral acetaminophen codeine in pediatric adenotonsillectomy: emergence agitation and analgesia.

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is the most frequently performed ambulatory surgical procedure in children. Post operative agitation and inadequate pain control, for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, can be a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous dexamethasone and oral acetaminophen codeine on emergence agitation and pain after adenotonsillectomy in children.