Sunset Yellow dye effects on gut microbiota, intestinal integrity, and the induction of inflammasomopathy with pyroptotic signaling in male Wistar rats.

Although concern persists regarding possible adverse effects of consumption of synthetic azo food dyes, the mechanisms of any such effects remain unclear. We have tested the hypothesis that chronic consumption of the food dye Sunset Yellow (SY) perturbs the composition of the gut microbiota and alters gut integrity. Male rats were administered SY orally for 12 weeks.

Horizontal Transmission of Stress Resistance Genes Shape the Ecology of Beta- and Gamma-Proteobacteria.

The transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST) is found mainly in beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria and confers tolerance to elevated temperature, pressure, and chlorine. This genomic island, previously referred to as transmissible locus of protein quality control or locus of heat resistance likely originates from an environmental bacterium thriving in extreme habitats, but has been widely transmitted by lateral gene transfer. Although highly conserved, the gene content on the island is subject to evolution and gene products such as small heat shock proteins are present in several functionally distinct sequence variants.

A recently isolated human commensal Escherichia coli ST10 clone member mediates enhanced thermotolerance and tetrathionate respiration on a P1 phage-derived IncY plasmid.

The ubiquitous human commensal Escherichia coli has been well investigated through its model representative E. coli K-12. In this work, we initially characterized E.

ClpG Provides Increased Heat Resistance by Acting as Superior Disaggregase.

Elevation of temperature within and above the physiological limit causes the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins, which can ultimately lead to cell death. Bacteria are therefore equipped with Hsp100 disaggregation machines that revert the aggregation process and reactivate proteins otherwise lost by aggregation. In Gram-negative bacteria, two disaggregation systems have been described: the widespread ClpB disaggregase, which requires cooperation with an Hsp70 chaperone, and the standalone ClpG disaggregase.

Two FtsH Proteases Contribute to Fitness and Adaptation of Clone C Strains.

is an environmental bacterium and a nosocomial pathogen with clone C one of the most prevalent clonal groups. The clone C specific genomic island PACGI-1 harbors a xenolog of encoding a functionally diverse membrane-spanning ATP-dependent metalloprotease on the core genome. In the aquatic isolate SG17M, the core genome copy significantly affects growth and dominantly mediates a broad range of phenotypes, such as secretion of secondary metabolites, swimming and twitching motility and resistance to aminoglycosides, while the PACGI-1 xenolog backs up the phenotypes in the mutant background.

High frequency of double crossover recombination facilitates genome engineering in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and clone C strains.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key opportunistic human pathogen. An established procedure to replace a target gene is two-step allelic exchange, i.e.

Stand-alone ClpG disaggregase confers superior heat tolerance to bacteria.

AAA+ disaggregases solubilize aggregated proteins and confer heat tolerance to cells. Their disaggregation activities crucially depend on partner proteins, which target the AAA+ disaggregases to protein aggregates while concurrently stimulating their ATPase activities. Here, we report on two potent ClpG disaggregase homologs acquired through horizontal gene transfer by the species and subsequently abundant clone C.

Ancient permafrost staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes.

: Permafrost preserves a variety of viable ancient microorganisms. Some of them can be cultivated after being kept at subzero temperatures for thousands or even millions of years. : To cultivate bacterial strains from permafrost.