Publications by authors named "Shadpour Demehri"

Article Synopsis
  • Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are linked to an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA), and deep learning (DL) can help in measuring BML volumes from MRI scans.
  • This study used a DL model to analyze MRI scans from a cohort of participants, categorizing their knees based on changes in BML volume over four years to assess the risk of developing knee OA.
  • Results indicated that knees with increasing BML volumes were significantly more likely to develop both radiographic and symptomatic OA compared to knees that remained BML-free or showed BML regression.
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Computed tomography (CT) is a common modality employed for musculoskeletal imaging. Conventional CT techniques are useful for the assessment of trauma in detection, characterization and surgical planning of complex fractures. CT arthrography can depict internal derangement lesions and impact medical decision making of orthopedic providers.

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Background: Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (Pre-RA) is defined as the early stage before the development of clinical RA. While cachexia is a well-known and potentially modifiable complication of RA, it is not known if such an association exists also in the Pre-RA stage. To investigate such issue, we aimed to compare the longitudinal alterations in the muscle composition and adiposity of participants with Pre-RA with the matched controls.

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Objectives: Sex of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may impact changes in thigh muscle composition during weight loss, the most well-known disease-modifying intervention. We investigated longitudinal sex-based changes in thigh muscle quality during weight loss in participants with KOA.

Methods: Using Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort data, we included females and males with baseline radiographic KOA who experienced > 5 % reduction in Body Mass Index (BMI) over four years.

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Background: Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACS) are interventions which provide pain relief in knee osteoarthritis (OA). It remains unclear whether IACS have a deleterious effect on knee cartilage structure.

Purpose: To estimate the effect of IACS on cartilage structure in patients with knee OA, using joint space width (JSW) (in radiographic studies), and cartilage thickness (in magnetic resonance imaging).

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Currently no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) that can reverse, hold, or slow the progression of structural damage of OA-affected joints. The reasons for failure are manifold and include the heterogeneity of structural disease of the OA joint at trial inclusion, and the sensitivity of biomarkers used to measure a potential treatment effect.This article discusses the role and potential of different imaging biomarkers in OA research.

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Objectives: There is no evidence linking specific osteoarthritis (OA) types, such as erosive hand OA (EHOA), with distant generalised changes in muscle composition (sarcopenia), which can potentially be modified. This study pioneers the exploration of the association between EHOA and sarcopenia, both of which are predominantly observed in the older adults.

Methods: Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort, we selected hand OA (modified Kellgren and Lawrence (grade ≥2 in ≥1 hand joint) participants with radiographic central erosions in ≥1 joints (EHOA group) and propensity score-matched hand OA participants with no erosion (non-EHOA group).

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Purpose: We investigated the feasibility of dual-energy (DE) detection of bone marrow edema (BME) using a dedicated extremity cone-beam CT (CBCT) with a unique three-source x-ray unit. The sources can be operated at different energies to enable single-scan DE acquisitions. However, they are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation, resulting in incomplete sampling and precluding the application of DE projection-domain decompositions (PDD) for beam-hardening reduction.

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Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting quality of life, with no disease-modifying therapy. During aging and spinal degeneration, the balance between the normal endplate (EP) bilayers of cartilage and bone shifts to more bone. The aged/degenerated bony EP has increased porosity because of osteoclastic remodeling activity and may be a source of LBP due to aberrant sensory innervation within the pores.

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Purpose: To develop a deep learning algorithm capable of extracting pectoralis muscle and adipose measurements and to longitudinally investigate associations between these measurements and incident heart failure (HF) in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Materials And Methods: MESA is a prospective study of subclinical cardiovascular disease characteristics and risk factors for progression to clinically overt disease approved by institutional review boards of six participating centers (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00005487).

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Objective: To assess whether changes in MRI-based measures of thigh muscle quality associated with statin use in participants with and without/at-risk of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative study. Statin users and non-users were matched for relevant covariates using 1:1 propensity-score matching.

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The subchondral bone is an important structural component of the knee joint relevant for osteoarthritis (OA) incidence and progression once disease is established. Experimental studies have demonstrated that subchondral bone changes are not simply the result of altered biomechanics, i.e.

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CT is one of the most widely used modalities for musculoskeletal imaging. Recent advancements in the field include the introduction of four-dimensional CT, which captures a CT image during motion; cone-beam CT, which uses flat-panel detectors to capture the lower extremities in weight-bearing mode; and dual-energy CT, which operates at two different x-ray potentials to improve the contrast resolution to facilitate the assessment of tissue material compositions such as tophaceous gout deposits and bone marrow edema. Most recently, photon-counting CT (PCCT) has been introduced.

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Article Synopsis
  • Hyperthyroidism can decrease muscle mass due to the catabolic effects of thyroid hormones, potentially contributing to sarcopenia and functional decline in older adults.* -
  • A study analyzed data from 1,442 euthyroid older adults, revealing that higher levels of free thyroxine (FT4) were linked to reduced lower limb lean mass and increased risk of sarcopenia.* -
  • These findings highlight the importance of understanding thyroid hormone levels in older individuals to prevent functional decline and make better clinical decisions regarding thyroid hormone treatment.*
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Background: We examined the association between levothyroxine use and longitudinal MRI biomarkers for thigh muscle mass and composition in at-risk participants for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and their mediatory role in subsequent KOA incidence.

Methods: Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) data, we included the thighs and corresponding knees of participants at risk but without established radiographic KOA (baseline Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KL) < 2). Levothyroxine users were defined as self-reported use at all annual follow-up visits until the 4th year and were matched with levothyroxine non-users for potential confounders (KOA risk factors, comorbidities, and relevant medications covariates) using 1:2/3 propensity score (PS) matching.

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Background: Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon metaplastic process of the synovial lining that results in the formation of cartilaginous nodules within joints or their associated bursae or tendon sheaths. Radiologic evidence of mineralized bodies within these structures is typically pathognomonic for this condition. Extraarticular chondromatosis is rarer than intraarticular chondromatosis, and the knee is affected less frequently than the smaller joints of the hands and feet.

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Objective: To determine the association between Intra-articular mineralization (IAM) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes stratified according to participants' age.

Methods: Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with baseline radiographic OA (i.e.

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Objective: Aim was to describe three definitions for an MRI-defined cartilage-meniscus phenotype and to report phenotypic progression in Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) 2 and 3 knees over 48 months.

Methods: The study sample was a nested case-control study with knees showing either 1) radiographic and pain progression ("composite" case), 2) radiographic progression only, 3) pain progression only, and 4) no progression. MRI was performed on 3T systems.

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Although musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a dominant role in characterizing abnormalities, novel computed tomography (CT) techniques have found an emerging niche in several scenarios such as trauma, gout, and the characterization of pathologic biomechanical states during motion and weight-bearing. Recent developments and advancements in the field of musculoskeletal CT include 4-dimensional, cone-beam (CB), and dual-energy (DE) CT. Four-dimensional CT has the potential to quantify biomechanical derangements of peripheral joints in different joint positions to diagnose and characterize patellofemoral instability, scapholunate ligamentous injuries, and syndesmotic injuries.

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Objectives: We examined the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and longitudinal MRI biomarkers for thigh muscle degeneration in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and their mediatory role in worsening KOA-related symptoms.

Methods: The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants with radiographic KOA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2) were included. Thighs and corresponding knees of KOA patients with versus without self-reported DM were matched for potential confounders using propensity score (PS) matching.

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Background: Metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis (MetS-OA) is a distinct osteoarthritis phenotype defined by the coexistence of MetS or its individual components. Despite the high prevalence of MetS-OA, its pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of cellular senescence in the development of MetS-OA.

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