Detecting cardiac states with wearable photoplethysmograms and implications for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest detection.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global health problem affecting approximately 4.4 million individuals yearly. OHCA has a poor survival rate, specifically when unwitnessed (accounting for up to 75% of cases).

Enhancing upper extremity muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury using low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise.

Objectives: This study explores the feasibility and effects of low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise on forearm muscle strength and function in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Pilot randomized clinical trial.

Patients And Methods: Ten male and female adult participants with chronic cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury underwent an 8-week low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise programme that targeted forearm muscles.

Two-Stream Convolutional Neural Networks for Breathing Pattern Classification: Real-Time Monitoring of Respiratory Disease Patients.

A two-stream convolutional neural network (TCNN) for breathing pattern classification has been devised for the continuous monitoring of patients with infectious respiratory diseases. The TCNN consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based autoencoder and classifier. The encoder of the autoencoder generates deep compressed feature maps, which contain the most important information constituting data.

Methods of muscle spasticity assessment in children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review.

Background: Evaluating muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is essential for determining the most effective treatment strategies. This scoping review assesses the current methods used to evaluate muscle spasticity, highlighting both traditional and innovative technologies, and their respective advantages and limitations.

Methods: A search (to April 2024) used keywords such as muscle spasticity, cerebral palsy, and assessment methods.

Wrestling injuries during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions.

Results: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.

Cardiorespiratory Sensors and Their Implications for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Detection: A Systematic Review.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health problem, with a poor survival rate of 2-11%. For the roughly 75% of OHCAs that are unwitnessed, survival is approximately 2-4.4%, as there are no bystanders present to provide life-saving interventions and alert Emergency Medical Services.

Implementing Effective Noise Reduction Techniques in Implantable NIRS Sensors.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical method widely used for evaluating tissue hemodynamics and various physiological characteristics. Despite its advantages, NIRS faces limitations in light sampling depth and spatial resolution, which has led to the development of implantable NIRS sensors. However, these implantable sensors are prone to Common-Mode Voltage (CMV) interference due to their increased sensor-to-tissue capacitance, which can compromise the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of measurements.

The effect of recognition on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and implications for biosensor technologies.

Background: Biosensor technologies have been proposed as a solution to provide recognition and facilitate earlier responses to unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases. We sought to estimate the effect of recognition on survival and modelled the potential incremental impact of increased recognition of unwitnessed cases on survival to hospital discharge, to demonstrate the potential benefit of biosensor technologies.

Methods: We included cases from the British Columbia Cardiac Arrest Registry (2019-2020), which includes Emergency Medical Services (EMS)-assessed OHCAs.

Modification of a Conventional Deep Learning Model to Classify Simulated Breathing Patterns: A Step toward Real-Time Monitoring of Patients with Respiratory Infectious Diseases.

The emergence of the global coronavirus pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19 disease) created a need for remote methods to detect and continuously monitor patients with infectious respiratory diseases. Many different devices, including thermometers, pulse oximeters, smartwatches, and rings, were proposed to monitor the symptoms of infected individuals at home. However, these consumer-grade devices are typically not capable of automated monitoring during both day and night.

Evaluation of transcutaneous near-infrared spectroscopy for early detection of cardiac arrest in an animal model.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The SCA-to-resuscitation interval is a key determinant of patient outcomes, highlighting the clinical need for reliable and timely detection of SCA. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-invasive optical technique, may have utility for this application.

Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and Monitoring.

The worldwide outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for a screening and monitoring system for infectious respiratory diseases in the acute and chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor to collect respiratory signals and distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Twenty-one healthy adults participated in an experiment that examined five separate breathing conditions.

Sensor technologies to detect out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review of diagnostic test performance.

Aim: Cardiac arrest (CA) is the cessation of circulation to vital organs that can only be reversed with rapid and appropriate interventions. Sensor technologies for early detection and activation of the emergency medical system could enable rapid response to CA and increase the probability of survival. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the literature surrounding the performance of sensor technologies in detecting OHCA.

Detection of hypoxia by near-infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: a comparative study.

Significance: Pulse oximetry is widely used in clinical practice to monitor changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). However, decreases in SpO2 can be delayed relative to the actual clinical event, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may detect alterations in oxygenation earlier than pulse oximetry, as shown in previous cerebral oxygenation monitoring studies.

Aim: We aim to compare the response of transcutaneous muscle NIRS measures of the tissue saturation index with pulse oximetry SpO2 during hypoxia.

The Effects of Silicone Enclosure Colour on the Function of Optical Sensors.

The colour of the silicone enclosure of an implantable reflectance-based optical probe plays a critical role in sensor performance. Red-coloured probes that are highly reflective to near-infrared light have been found to increase photodetector power by a factor of 6 for wavelengths between 660 and 950 nm and triple the magnitude of measured cardiac pulsations compared to traditional black probes. The increase in photodetector power and cardiac pulsation magnitude is presumably due to increased spatial range resulting from a higher magnitude of superficial tissue scattering.

Moderate and Severe Injuries at Five International Olympic-Style Wrestling Tournaments during 2016-2019.

As a contact sport, wrestling may result in injuries. Based on the severity, they are classified as mild, moderate, severe and critical. All injuries occurring at international competitions are documented in a cloud-based surveillance system.

Studying the Accuracy and Function of Different Thermometry Techniques for Measuring Body Temperature.

The purpose of this study was to determine which thermometry technique is the most accurate for regular measurement of body temperature. We compared seven different commercially available thermometers with a gold standard medical-grade thermometer (Welch-Allyn): four digital infrared thermometers (Wellworks, Braun, Withings, MOBI), one digital sublingual thermometer (Braun), one zero heat flux thermometer (3M), and one infrared thermal imaging camera (FLIR One). Thirty young healthy adults participated in an experiment that altered core body temperature.

Review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19.

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which spread across the globe in a very short period of time, revealed that the transmission control of disease is a crucial step to prevent an outbreak and effective screening for viral infectious diseases is necessary. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, infrared thermography (IRT) has been considered a gold standard method for screening febrile individuals at the time of pandemics. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of IRT for screening infectious diseases with specific applications to COVID-19.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top Cited Articles in Sports and Exercise Medicine.

Background: Although citation analysis is common in many areas of medicine, there is a lack of similar research in sports and exercise medicine.

Purpose: To identify and examine the characteristics of the 100 top cited articles in the field of sports and exercise medicine in an effort to determine what components make an article highly influential.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Scalene and sternocleidomastoid activation during normoxic and hypoxic incremental inspiratory loading.

The purpose of this study was to examine scalene (SA) and sternocleidomastoid (SM) activation during normoxic (norm-ITL; FIO  = 21%) and hypoxic (hyp-ITL; FIO  = 15%) incremental inspiratory threshold loading (ITL). Thirteen healthy participants (33 ± 4 years, 9 female) performed two ITL tests breathing randomly assigned gas mixtures through an inspiratory loading device where the load was increased every two minutes until task failure. SA and SM root mean square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) were calculated and expressed as a percentage of maximum (RMS ) to reflect muscle activation intensity.

Continuous Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during the First Seven Days Post-Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

One of the only currently available treatment options to potentially improve neurological recovery after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is augmentation of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to promote blood flow and oxygen delivery to the injured cord. However, to optimize such hemodynamic management, clinicians require a method to monitor the physiological effects of these MAP alterations within the injured cord. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of using a novel optical sensor, based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), to monitor real-time spinal cord oxygenation and hemodynamics during the first 7 days post-injury in a porcine model of acute SCI.

SLAP Lesion and Injury of the Proximal Portion of Long Head of Biceps Tendon in Elite Amateur Wrestlers.

Background: Injuries to the proximal portion of the tendon of the long head of the biceps are challenging, and often only diagnosed at arthroscopy. However, it is important to be able to formulate a preoperative plan based on physical examination and imaging studies, so as to inform patients correctly, plan the likely procedure, and give indication to length and modalities of rehabilitation.

Materials And Methods: Eleven elite wrestlers who suffered their injury between 2008 and 2018 were investigated retrospectively.

Outcomes of free flap reconstructions with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring: A systematic review.

Background: Free flap failure or vascular compromise remains a dreadful complication of microvascular free tissue transfer. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel technique for free flap monitoring that has the propensity for early detection of vascular compromise when compared to the current gold standard, clinical monitoring (CM). The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of a NIRS system in the postoperative monitoring of free flaps and its effect on flap salvage.