Understanding how social norms affect modern contraceptive use.

Background: An aim of this study is to introduce a practitioner-friendly behavior model. Few theories of health behavior explicitly take the effect of social norms on behavior into account. Generally, theories that do take social norms into account assume that the effect of social norms on behavior operates through motivation.

Facilitators and barriers in the utilization of World Health Organization's Preventing Early Pregnancy Guidelines in formulating laws, policies and strategies: what do stakeholders in Ethiopia say?

Background: Each year, approximately 16 million 15-19 year-old girls give birth. In 2011 the World Health Organization (WHO) published the evidence-based "Preventing Early Pregnancy and Poor Reproductive Outcomes among Adolescents in Low and Middle Income Countries" guidelines to inform policies and programs. However, little is known about their country-level use to influence supportive environments to reduce early childbearing.

Examining the artist-patient relationship in palliative care. A thematic analysis of artist reflections on encounters with palliative patients.

Background: Although therapeutic arts are used in the palliative care setting, little has been described about what happens during the artist-patient encounter and how these interactions can complement and integrate into the interdisciplinary model of palliative care. The objective of this study is to describe the artist-patient encounter and how artists can function in the palliative interdisciplinary model of care.

Methods: Authors reviewed 229 reports written by artists about encounters with palliative patients, and performed thematic analysis on 95.

Use of the Fogg Behavior Model to Assess the Impact of a Social Marketing Campaign on Condom Use in Pakistan.

The Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) is a new framework which posits that behavior happens when three factors - motivation, ability, and a prompt - occur in the same moment. The FBM categorizes people into four groups based on motivation and ability and posits that those with high motivation and high ability will adopt a behavior when prompted. Two rounds of panel survey data from 617 married men in urban Pakistan were used to test this hypothesis.

Child Health and Survival in a Changing World.

Ninety-nine percent of the 5.9 million annual child deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Undernutrition underlies 45% of deaths.