Burden of vascular risk factors by age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation in young adults with and without newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Do associations between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and vascular risk factors vary by ethnicity and deprivation?

Methods: Utilising the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we matched 16-50-year-old individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to ∼10 individuals without using sex, age and primary care practice. Differences in BMI, obesity, LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c, and hypertension between individuals with vs without type 2 diabetes across sex, age, ethnicity and deprivation quintiles were explored using generalised linear models.

Results: We included 108,061 individuals (45.

Combinations of multiple long term conditions and risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 in England: population based cohort study.

Objective: To describe which combinations of long term conditions were associated with a higher risk of hospital admission or death during winter 2021-22 (the third wave of the covid-19 pandemic) in adults in England.

Design: Population based cohort study.

Setting: Linked primary and secondary care data from the General Practice Extraction Service Data for Pandemic Planning and Research (GDPPR) database, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Office for National Statistics death registry, comprising pseudoanonymised routinely collected electronic medical records from the whole population of England registered at a general practice, 1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022.

Association between socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity and health outcomes in preschool children with recurrent wheeze in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Preschool-aged children have among the highest burden of acute wheeze. We investigated differences in healthcare use, treatment and outcomes for recurrent wheeze/asthma in preschoolers from different ethno-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England.

Effect of delay in treatment intensification in people with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemia after basal insulin initiation: A real-world observational study.

Aim: Despite global recommendations for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment to maintain optimal glycaemic targets, a significant proportion of people remain in suboptimal glycaemic control. Our objective was to investigate the impact of intensification delay after basal insulin (BI) initiation on long-term complications in people with suboptimal glycaemia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiated on BI.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the body mass index of people living with obesity: A UK retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background: Restrictions implemented by governments during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected people's eating habits and physical activity. We investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions on body mass index (BMI) and weight in a UK population, according to BMI class, sex, age and ethnicity.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink AURUM database.

Age at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Cause-Specific Mortality: Observational Study of Primary Care Patients in England.

Objective: To examine the associations between age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and the relative and absolute risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in England.

Research Design And Methods: In this cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified 108,061 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (16-50 years of age), matched to 829,946 individuals without type 2 diabetes. We estimated all-cause and cause-specific mortality (cancer, cardiorenal, other [noncancer or cardiorenal]) by age at diagnosis, using competing-risk survival analyses adjusted for key confounders.

Factors associated with therapeutic inertia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus started on basal insulin.

Aim: In this study we aim to identify the factors associated with treatment inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have been recently started on basal insulin (BI).

Methods: Using UK CPRD GOLD, we identified adults with T2DM with suboptimal glycaemia (HbA1c within 12 months of BI ≥ 7% (≥53 mmol/mol)). We used multivariable Cox regression model to describe the association between patient characteristics and the time to treatment intensification.

Effect of more versus less intensive blood pressure control on cardiovascular, renal and mortality outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Currently, there is uncertainty as to whether blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes should be treated to standard recommended levels or more intensively.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched between January 1, 2000 and April 20th, 2023.

Socioeconomic inequalities of Long COVID: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To estimate the risk of Long COVID by socioeconomic deprivation and to further examine the inequality by sex and occupation.

Design: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey between 26 April 2020 and 31 January 2022. This is the largest nationally representative survey of COVID-19 in the UK with longitudinal data on occupation, COVID-19 exposure and Long COVID.

Consultation rates in people with type 2 diabetes with and without vascular complications: a retrospective analysis of 141,328 adults in England.

Objective: To assess trends in primary and specialist care consultation rates and average length of consultation by cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or cardiometabolic multimorbidity exposure status.

Methods: Observational, retrospective cohort study used linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care data from 01/01/2000 to 31/12/2018 to assess consultation rates in 141,328 adults with newly diagnosed T2DM, with or without CVD. Patients who entered the study with either a diagnosis of T2DM or CVD and later developed the second condition during the study are classified as the cardiometabolic multimorbidity group.

Cytotoxicity of synthetic derivatives against breast cancer and multi-drug resistant breast cancer cell lines: a literature-based perspective study.

Cancer is the second most killer worldwide causing millions of people to lose their lives every year. In the case of women, breast cancer takes away the highest proportion of mortality rate than other cancers. Due to the mutation and resistance-building capacity of different breast cancer cell lines against conventional therapies, this death rate is on the verge of growth.

Nanoparticles as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: A literature-based perspective study.

The scientific explorations of nanoparticles for their inherent therapeutic potencies as antimicrobial and antiviral agents due to increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance have gained more attention in recent time. This factor amongst others necessitates the search for newer and more effective antimicrobial agents. Several investigations have demonstrated the prospects of nanoparticles in the treatment of various microbial infections.

Predictors of hypertension detection in English general practices: a cross sectional study.

Background: Worldwide, high systolic blood pressure is the leading risk factor for deaths and disability-adjusted life-years but has been historically under-detected. This study aimed to quantify differences between estimated and practice-detected prevalences of hypertension across English general practices, and to determine how variations in detected prevalence could be explained by population-level and service-level factors.

Methods: Descriptive statistics, pair wise correlations between the independent variables and a multivariable regression analysis were undertaken.

Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: county-level analysis in the USA.

Background: Given the effect of chronic diseases on risk of severe COVID-19 infection, the present pandemic may have a particularly profound impact on socially disadvantaged counties.

Methods: Counties in the USA were categorised into five groups by level of social vulnerability, using the Social Vulnerability Index (a widely used measure of social disadvantage) developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and mortality from COVID-19, and the prevalence of major chronic conditions were calculated relative to the least vulnerable quintile using Poisson regression models.

COVID-19 and climatic factors: A global analysis.

Background: It is unknown if COVID-19 will exhibit seasonal pattern as other diseases e.g., seasonal influenza.

Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries.

Objective: To evaluate the association between physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) globally.

Design: Natural experiment using interrupted time series analysis, with results synthesised using meta-analysis.

Setting: 149 countries or regions, with data on daily reported cases of covid-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and data on the physical distancing policies from the Oxford covid-19 Government Response Tracker.

Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Quantum Chemistry Calculations To Investigate Soot-Relevant Reaction Pathways for Hexylamine Isomers.

Sooting tendencies of a series of nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons (NHCs) have been recently characterized experimentally using the yield sooting index (YSI) methodology. This work aims to identify soot-relevant reaction pathways for three selected CHN amines, namely, dipropylamine (DPA), diisopropylamine (DIPA), and 3,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA) using ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations and to interpret the experimentally observed trends. ReaxFF MD simulations are performed to determine the important intermediate species and radicals involved in the fuel decomposition and soot formation processes.

Evaluation of the effect of nickel clusters on the formation of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations.

In the present study, the ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulation method was applied to investigate the effect of a small nickel cluster (Ni13) on the formation of nascent soot from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) precursors. A series of NVT simulations was performed for systems of a Ni13 cluster and various PAH monomers, namely, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, coronene, ovalene, and circumcoronene, at temperatures from 400 to 2500 K. At low temperatures, the PAHs form soot particles via binding and stacking around nickel clusters.