Recent trends in 3D bioprinting technology for skeletal muscle regeneration.

Skeletal muscle is a pro-regenerative tissue, that utilizes a tissue-resident stem cell system to effect repair upon injury. Despite the demonstrated efficiency of this system in restoring muscle mass after many acute injuries, in conditions of severe trauma such as those evident in volumetric muscle loss (VML) (>20 % by mass), this self-repair capability is unable to restore tissue architecture, requiring interventions which currently are largely surgical. As a possible alternative, the generation of artificial muscle using tissue engineering approaches may also be of importance in the treatment of VML and muscle diseases such as dystrophies.

Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Expansion of Spermatogonial Stem Cells Using Cell-Seeded Microfluidic Testis Scaffolds and Animal Model.

Aims: This study was designed to provide both ex-vivo and in-vivo methods for the extraction and expansion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).

Methods: For in-vivo experiments, azoospermic mouse model was performed with Busulfan. Isolation, culture, and characterization of neonate mouse SSC were also achieved.

Meatal stenosis following three types of circumcision with frenular artery preservation (FAP), the Plastibell device (PD), and frenular artery ligation (FAL): a long-term follow-up.

Background: Despite the simplicity of male circumcision, complications occur frequently. Post-circumcision meatal stenosis is a concerning complication that might require several interventions.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the incidence of meatal stenosis in long-term follow-up, following three common circumcision methods: frenular artery preservation, frenular ligation, and the Plastibell device.

Insights and outcomes of single-staged repair of female bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex without osteotomy: 15 Years experience of a single institution.

Introduction: Female exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) has been considered as a rare malformation of the genito-urinary tract affecting. Combining procedures during the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex to reduce the number of procedures and improve the outcomes has evoked great interest.

Objective: we tried to describe the application and results of a single-stage approach for reconstruction of female BEEC during initial reconstruction or following prior failed bladder closure (FBC).

Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Using Decellularized Cartilage for Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration.

The repair of osteochondral defects is among the top ten medical needs of humans in the 21st centuries with many countries facing rapidly aging population involved with osteoarthritis as a major contributor to global disease burden. Tissue engineering methods have offered new windows of hope to treat such disorders and disabilities. Regenerative approaches to cartilage injuries require careful replication of the complex microenvironment of the native tissue.

The Renal Extracellular Matrix as a Supportive Scaffold for Kidney Tissue Engineering: Progress and Future Considerations.

During the past decades, diverse methods have been used toward renal tissue engineering in order to replace renal function. The goals of all these techniques included the recapitulation of renal filtration, re-absorptive, and secretary functions, and replacement of endocrine/metabolic activities. It is also imperative to develop a reliable, up scalable, and timely manufacturing process.

The Most Ideal Pancreas Extracellular Matrix as a Platform for Pancreas Bioengineering: Decellularization/Recellularization Protocols.

Natural scaffold appears to have extensive functions in providing anchorage and structural requirements, as well as providing a structural support for cell adherence and cell interaction for further recellularization process. Specific methods used for decellularization process play an essential role in the efficacy of cell removal and successful preservation of ultrastructure and biomechanical properties of the tissue. Numerous scaffolding materials and fabrication techniques have been investigated for pancreatic tissue engineering.

Cardiac Extracellular Matrix as a Platform for Heart Organ Bioengineering: Design and Development of Tissue-Engineered Heart.

The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is able to depict the mechanism of cardiac repair and development of cardiac function as well, in order to reveal findings to new therapeutic designs for clinical treatment. The foremost approach of this scientific field is the fabrication of scaffolds, which contain cells that can be used as cardiac grafts in the body, to have the preferred recovery. Cardiac tissue engineering has not been completely organized for routine clinical usages.

Lung Extracellular Matrix as a Platform for Lung Organ Bioengineering: Design and Development of Tissue Engineered Lung.

Since lung tissue is not able to be reconstructed after substantial injury, lung transplantation often is the only alternative for treatment. Antibiotic-resistant organisms that remain in donor lungs causing infection in the immunosuppressed recipient are among the complications following transplantation. Development of strategies for whole lung regeneration is a pleasing choice particularly in patients with end-stage lung diseases.

Revascularized Pyelo-Uretero-Cystoplasty in Patients with Chronic Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to Ectopic Ureterocele: A Safe Surgical Technique with Superior Continence Outcomes.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of revascularized pyeloureterocystoplasty with ureterocele unroofing in end stage bladder patients with duplex system and ureterocele.

Methods: Thirteen patients with obstruction of intrauterine outlet from an ectopic obstructive ureterocele were included. Fourteen units of duplex systems underwent upper pole partial nephrectomy in conjunction with augmentation revascularized pyeloureterocystoplaty and ureterocele unroofing.

Regeneration of muscular wall of the bladder using a ureter matrix graft as a scaffold.

We investigated a method for bladder augmentation in rats using a decellularized ureter graft. We used 16 rats divided into two groups of eight. After partial cystectomy, the bladders in group 1 were grafted with a 1 cm patch of human decellularized ureter.

Management of urinary and bowel dysfunction in rabbit model of spinal cord injury using Schwann cells and muscle progenitors: functional study and evidence for novel mechanism of action.

Purpose: We tried to investigate the role of Schwann and satellite cells in the treatment of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction; following spinal cord injury in the rabbit model.

Methods: Twelve male New Zealand rabbits underwent induction of neurogenic bladder by spinal cord injury. Rabbits underwent the fiber tractography analysis to confirm the induction of spinal cord injury.

Local tissue reaction and histopathological characteristics of three different bulking agents: a rabbit model.

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of a single injection of three bulking agents over the short- and long-term follow-ups in rabbits. Dermal and preputial matrices were compared with Deflux (DxHA) injection.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three groups.

Recellularization of testicular feminization testis in C57bl6 as a natural bioreactor for creation of cellularized seminiferous tubules: an experimental study.

We determined histological aspects of implanted human decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) in C57BL6 as a primitive step for further testis tissue engineering. A total of 4 immature human testicles were obtained after bilateral orchiectomy from patients with testicular feminization syndrome. The optimal decellularization protocol was determined and the efficacy of decellularization was evaluated in two of the testicles.

Single-staged male bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex reconstruction with pubic bone adaptation without osteotomy: 15-year single-center experience.

Purpose: To represent the 15 years' experience of an academic referral center for the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex with a modified single-stage approach. Single-staged reconstruction techniques are commonly used for classic bladder exstrophy. However, combined bladder closure and epispadias repair have been taken into great consideration in patients with initially failed reconstruction or delayed primary closure.

Bladder Herniation as an Auto-Augmentation Technique in Bladder Exstrophy: Initial Experience in Patients with Small Bladder Plate.

Objective: To present our long-term experience of bladder plate herniation technique in patients with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) and inadequate bladder plate.

Methods: Ten BEEC patients with inadequate bladder plates were referred. The bladder underlying fascia was opened and the exstrophic bladder was fixed above the peritoneal cavity to herniate the peritoneal contents beneath the bladder plate so that the abdominal pressure would be directly transferred to the posterior bladder wall; causing gradual bladder expansion and auto-augmentation.

In-vivo regeneration of bladder muscular wall with whole decellularized bladder matrix: A novel hourglass technique for duplication of bladder volume in rabbit model.

Objective: To determine histological aspects of decellularized bladder graft to achieve a double-sized bladder by novel hourglass technique; using rabbit models.

Methods: Sixteen rabbit bladders were decellularized and underwent laboratory investigations. After making a laparotomy incision and exposure of bladders in another 16 rabbits (partial detrusor myomectomy), they were separated into two groups.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Concomitant Accessory Scrotum and Diphallia in the Accessory Tissues: Case Report.

A case of accessory scrotum with duplicated penis (diphallia) in a male fetus is reported because of its rarity. This case is presented with proved negative androgen receptors in the accessory genitalia. The results of excisional surgery as well as immunostaining for androgen receptors in the resected specimens are presented as well.

Intravesical electromotive administration of botulinum toxin type A in improving the bladder and bowel functions: Evidence for novel mechanism of action.

To examine the hypothesis that what is the concomitant mechanism of action botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) administration by intravesical electromotive into the bladder resulting in bladder function improvement. We also tried to confirm the possibility of retrograde trans-axonal transportation of toxin. Animal study.

Prognostic significance of maternal urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valve associated with fetal hydronephrosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive role of maternal urinary CA 19-9 as a non-invasive marker for diagnosing antenatal posterior urethral valve (PUV).

Methods: A total of 40 women in the third pregnancy trimester were enrolled. Case group (group A) consisted of 20 women with a diagnosis of antenatal PUV.

Early detection of deep wound infection in bladder exstrophy and hypospadias using a novel intervention.

Objective: To introduce a practical technique for the early detection and prompt management of a probable bladder dehiscence (BD) and glanular dehiscence (GD) in patients with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) and hypospadias.

Method: In this prospective study, paediatric patients with BEEC (group 1) and with proximal hypospadias (group 2) underwent body temperature measurement using a non-contact infrared radiant digital temperature measurement device in four body regions, including the surgical wound, forehead, right hand, and right foot at eight hour intervals, postoperatively. This technique was performed to detect wound temperature rises before whole body temperature rise or visible local wound skin redness, cellulitis or any sign of inflammation or wound dehiscence (WD).

Establishment of colonic dialysis model in uremic rats by right nephrectomy and left partial nephrectomy.

Background: Conventional treatments for patients suffering with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has several disadvantages, highlighting the importance of other reproducible modalities such as colonic dialysis (CD).

Objectives: The aim was to establish a CD model in uremic rats and evaluate the effect of two different peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions.

Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.

Preoperative care of Polypoid exposed mucosal template in bladder exstrophy: the role of high-barrier plastic wraps in reducing inflammation and polyp size.

Objective: To assess the role of high-barrier plastic wrap in reducing the number and size of polyps, as well as decreasing the inflammation and allergic reactions in exstrophy cases, and to compare the results with the application of low-barrier wrap.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) that had used a low density polyethylene (LDPE) wrap for coverage of the exposed polypoid bladder in preoperative care management were referred. The main complaint of their parents was increase in size and number of polyps.

The role of nonautologous and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell in acute pyelonephritis.

We compared the therapeutic effects of autologous and nonautologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC), in ameliorating the renal function in a rabbit model of acute pyelonephritis. The difference of perirenal and neck subcutaneous ADMSCs were also evaluated. Twenty female rabbits were apportioned to 5 groups.