Pre-polycystic ovary syndrome and polymenorrhoea as new facets of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Evidences from a single centre data set.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder with diverse metabolic implications. Diagnosis typically relies on oligo-amenorrhoea (OA), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). However, the role of polymenorrhoea in PCOS remains understudied.

A Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Misoprostol, Intravenous Oxytocin, and Intravaginal Dinoprostone for Labor Induction in Pakistani Women.

Introduction: A frequent medical procedure to accelerate labor is the induction of labor. There are different methods of labor induction, including the use of medications such as misoprostol, oxytocin, and dinoprostone.

Objective: This research compared the effectiveness and safety of oral misoprostol, intravenous oxytocin, and intravaginal dinoprostone for labor induction in Pakistani women.

Promising bioactive properties of quercetin for potential food applications and health benefits: A review.

Naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising biological properties are quercetin and its derivatives. Quercetin has been thoroughly studied for its antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, and wound-healing properties. Anticancer activity of quercetin against cancer cell lines has also recently been revealed.

Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Factors in OCP Treated PCOS Women.

Human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-a cluster of diseases displays various symptoms associated with endocrine and gynecological disorders in childbearing women. Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) being a drug of choice minimizes symptoms and complications associated with the disorder. But, the controversial data available in literature regarding use of OCPs compels us to setup a study design regarding effect of OCP treatment in PCOS subjects and the possible outcomes specifically regarding coagulation pathways.

Novel NR5A1 Pathogenic Variants Cause Phenotypic Heterogeneity in 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.

Steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF1) is a key transcription factor that is known to regulate the development of adrenal glands and gonads and is also involved in steroidogenesis. Several pathogenic NR5A1 variants have been reported to cause 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD), with varying clinical phenotypes ranging from hypospadias to complete gonadal dysgenesis. Most often, the primary cause of DSD is due to variants in gene(s) related to gonadal development or the steroidogenic pathway.

Serum Lipid and Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Sheehan Syndrome.

Background: Sheehan syndrome (SS) refers to the occurrence of hypopituitarism after parturition. Hypopituitary adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency have abnormal body composition with increased fat mass. As leptin is secreted almost exclusively by fat cells and the circulating leptin level is proportional to total fat mass, it is expected that abnormal elevations of leptin concentrations are found in GH deficient hypopituitary patients.

Promoter Hypermethylation and Its Impact on Expression of MGMT Gene in the GIT Malignant Patients of Kashmiri Origin.

Epigenetic alterations, in addition to multiple gene abnormalities, are involved in the genesis and progression of human cancers. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer is a major medical and economic burden worldwide. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands within promoter regions is associated with transcriptional inactivation of various tumor suppressor genes.

Gender Issues and Related Social Stigma Affecting Patients with a Disorder of Sex Development in India.

Children with disorders of sex development (DSD) manifest at birth with malformed genitalia or later with atypical pubertal development. Those born with malformed genitalia are often diagnosed at birth. However, in resource-poor countries like India, where not all births are supervised by healthcare workers, some of these children remain undiagnosed until puberty or even later.

Phenotype, genotype and gender identity in a large cohort of patients from India with 5α-reductase 2 deficiency.

Deficiency of the 5α-reductase 2 enzyme impairs the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and differentiation of external genitalia, seminal vesicles and prostate in males. The present study describes the phenotype, genotype and gender identity in a large cohort of patients with 5αRD2. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, hormonal profile, karyotyping and molecular analysis of the SRD5A2 gene.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from North India.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most complex and common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive years. In addition to irregular menstrual cycles, chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, it has many metabolic manifestations such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease or possibly endometrial cancer. Familial clustering of PCOS in consistence with the genetic susceptibility has been described.

Novel nucleotide insertions in two unrelated Indian patients with 5α reductase 2 deficiency leading to premature termination of SRD5A2 enzyme.

T is converted to a more potent androgen, DHT by the action of microsomal membrane enzyme 5α reductase 2. Defects in 5α reductase 2 isozyme results in incomplete virilisation of external male genitalia. Mutations in SRD5A2 gene leads to diminished enzyme activity, thus hampering DHT synthesis from T.

Morning plasma cortisol is low among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause for androgen excess in women. It is associated with wide variety of metabolic disorders. The present study assessed morning plasma cortisol in women with PCOS.

Psychosexual outcomes in three siblings with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: impact of nature versus nurture.

There are few reports of adults with disorders of sexual development (DSD). Here we describe the clinical profile and results of psychological assessment of three siblings with 46, XY DSD caused by partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). The elder sibling (aged 22 years) was reared as female, while the middle and youngest siblings (17 and 18 years of age), were reared as males.

Diagnosis and management of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is among the most common genetic disorders. Deficiency of adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene accounts for about 95% cases of CAH. This disorder manifests with androgen excess with or without salt wasting.

Novel mutation of SRD5A2 gene in a patient with 5α-reductase 2 deficiency from India.

Master N had genital malformation at birth and had bilateral gonads in the labial fold. He was reared as a boy and corrective surgery was done at the age of 4 years and was reassessed at the age of 14 years. His testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was 11.

Presentation and clinical course of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome from North India.

Aims: Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD, is a relatively rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder, first evident in childhood as an association of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, followed by diabetes insipidus and deafness. The aim of the study was to examine the clinical profile of patients with DIDMOAD syndrome presenting to a tertiary care hospital in north India.

Methods: Clinical presentation of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus fulfilling the diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome was studied using a prepared standardized form.