Clinical Characteristics, and Prevalence of Hepatic and Bone Mineral Density Abnormalities in Patients With Sheehan Syndrome: Data From a Tertiary Care Center.

Objective: Sheehan syndrome (SS), or postpartum pituitary necrosis, occurs due to reduced vascular supply to pituitary gland after postpartum hemorrhage, often linked to coagulation abnormalities, and pituitary antibodies. A smaller sella turcica volume is a risk factor for SS, consequent to compressive effects on the pituitary stalk. Hypopituitarism in SS increases the risk of metabolic liver and bone diseases.

Revitalizing contaminated lands: A state-of-the-art review on the remediation of mine-tailings using phytoremediation and genomic approaches.

The mining industry has historically served as a critical reservoir of essential raw materials driving global economic progress. Nevertheless, the consequential by-product known as mine tailings has consistently produced a substantial footprint of environmental contamination. With annual discharges of mine tailings surpassing 10 billion tons globally, the need for effective remediation strategies is more pressing than ever as traditional physical and chemical remediation techniques are hindered by their high costs and limited efficacy.

Testicular ACE regulates sperm metabolism and fertilization through the transcription factor PPARγ.

Testis angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) plays a critical role in male fertility, but the mechanism is unknown. By using ACE C-domain KO (CKO) mice which lack tACE activity, we found that ATP in CKO sperm was 9.4-fold lower than WT sperm.

Diverse biological functions of the renin-angiotensin system.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been widely known as a circulating endocrine system involved in the control of blood pressure. However, components of RAS have been found to be localized in rather unexpected sites in the body including the kidneys, brain, bone marrow, immune cells, and reproductive system. These discoveries have led to steady, growing evidence of the existence of independent tissue RAS specific to several parts of the body.

Complete genome sequence of the lumpy skin disease virus reported from Jammu and Kashmir, India, during 2022 outbreak.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease of cattle and water buffaloes. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the LSDV from Jammu and Kashmir, India. LSDV/02/KASH/IND/2022 was detected in skin biopsy sample of an LSD-infected dairy cow on 24 October 2022.

miR766-3p and miR124-3p Dictate Drug Resistance and Clinical Outcome in HNSCC.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis, which is mainly due to drug resistance. The biology determining the response to chemo-radiotherapy in HNSCC is poorly understood. Using clinical samples, we found that miR124-3p and miR766-3p are overexpressed in chemo-radiotherapy-resistant (non-responder) HNSCC, as compared to responder tumors.

Comparative Upper Respiratory Tract Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals a Potential Role of Early Activation of Interferon Pathway in Severe COVID-19.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to cause mild to acute respiratory infection and sometimes progress towards respiratory failure and death. The mechanisms driving the progression of the disease and accumulation of high viral load in the lungs without initial symptoms remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated the upper respiratory tract host transcriptional response in COVID-19 patients with mild to severe symptoms and compared it with the control COVID-19 negative group using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq).

An overview of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its appreciation in Greco-Arab (Unani) system of medicine.

Objective: Conventional treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) like 5alpha-reductase inhibitors and invasive surgery are associated with some obvious side effects. Conversely, evidence, though limited, has shown that alternative medicines are safer and have potential to improve the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and quality of life in addition to improving sexual dysfunction in patients with BPH. The current article aimed to include an overview of BPH, different ways of its management, and particularly its appreciation in Greco-Arab (Unani) system of medicine, one of the alternative medicinal systems.

Genomic instability detected from the saliva of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients: Association with clinical implications.

Objectives: Genomic instability in cancers is often associated with poor disease outcomes. In Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), saliva being the contact fluid contains cancers cells shed from the primary tumour. This study detected genomic instability from cancer cells shed in saliva and correlated the same with clinical implications.

The microbiome and precision oncology: an emerging paradigm in anticancer therapy.

Understanding the host-microbiome interactions has emerged as an essential factor in improving human health and disease. Recent advances in understanding the intimate relationship of microbes with the host have uncovered various previously unknown underlying causes of disease development, progression, and treatment failure. The dynamic behaviour of the microbiome confers the heterogeneity in treatment response by modulating the immune response and inflammation in various diseases, including cancer.

Gene of the month: Cornulin.

Cornulin () gene encodes a 495 amino acid long protein and is located on chromosome 1q21.3. Primarily, it functions as the marker of differentiation.

Genetic Variants of DNA Repair Genes as Predictors of Radiation-Induced Subcutaneous Fibrosis in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of genetic variants of DNA repair and pro-fibrotic pathway genes on the severity of radiation-induced subcutaneous fibrosis in patients of oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Patients of newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx being treated with two-dimensional radical radiotherapy were enrolled in the study. Patients who had undergone surgery or were receiving concurrent chemotherapy were excluded.

Hydrogen sulfide-induced GAPDH sulfhydration disrupts the CCAR2-SIRT1 interaction to initiate autophagy.

The deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) has emerged as a major regulator of nucleocytoplasmic distribution of macroautophagy/autophagy marker MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3). Activation of SIRT1 leads to the deacetylation of LC3 and its translocation from the nucleus into the cytoplasm leading to an increase in the autophagy flux. Notably, hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a cytoprotective gasotransmitter known to activate SIRT1 and autophagy; however, the underlying mechanism for both remains unknown.

Relaxin protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced damage in in-vitro conditions: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Relaxin, a peptide hormone has emerged as a cardioprotective agent against the heart failure and has been found to protect cardiac muscle cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury under in vitro conditions. The present study was conducted to study its possible role in activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes, as a means to counter hypoxia associated oxidative damage and cell death. H9C2 cell line was induced with chemical hypoxia alone or together with relaxin.

A review on heme oxygenase-1 induction: is it a necessary evil.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is considered to be the main protein in diseases arising as a result of oxidative and inflammatory insults. Tremendous research has been carried out on HO-1 since years, pertaining its cytoprotective effect against oxidative injury and other cellular stresses. HO-1, by regulating intracellular levels of pro-oxidant heme, or by other benefits of its by-products such as carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin (BV) had become an important candidate protein to be up-regulated to combat diverse stressful events.

Quantification of the Metabolic Heterogeneity in Mycobacterial Cells Through the Measurement of the NADH/NAD+ Ratio Using a Genetically Encoded Sensor.

NADH/NAD levels are an indicator of the bacterial metabolic state. NAD(H) levels are maintained through coordination of pathways involved in NAD(H) synthesis and its catabolic utilization. Conventional methods of estimating NADH/NAD require cell disruption and suffer from low specificity and sensitivity and are inadequate in providing spatiotemporal resolution.

Polymerase spiral reaction (PSR): a novel, visual isothermal amplification method for detection of canine parvovirus 2 genomic DNA.

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), which is ubiquitously distributed worldwide, causes severe and often fatal gastroenteritis in dogs. Accurate, differential and rapid diagnosis of canine parvoviral enteritis remains a challenge for clinicians. A recently developed isothermal amplification technique, polymerase spiral reaction (PSR), was optimized for the first time for a viral pathogen with reference recombinant plasmid standards from different CPV-2 antigenic variants (CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) and subsequently validated using clinical samples.

Influenza vaccination in north Indian patients with heart failure.

Background: No data exists regarding the uptake of influenza vaccination in patients with heart failure (HF) in India. The present study was designed to assess the uptake, knowledge, attitude and practices of the Indian HF patients towards influenza vaccination.

Methods And Results: Five-hundred patients with acute/chronic HF were approached for a personal interview and responses to an interview recorded in a pre-defined questionnaire depicting their knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding influenza vaccination.

The mechanism of redox sensing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis epidemics have defied constraint despite the availability of effective treatment for the past half-century. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, is continually exposed to a number of redox stressors during its pathogenic cycle. The mechanisms used by Mtb to sense redox stress and to maintain redox homeostasis are central to the success of Mtb as a pathogen.

Redox biology of tuberculosis pathogenesis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful human pathogens. Mtb is persistently exposed to numerous oxidoreductive stresses during its pathogenic cycle of infection and transmission. The distinctive ability of Mtb, not only to survive the redox stress manifested by the host but also to use it for synchronizing the metabolic pathways and expression of virulence factors, is central to its success as a pathogen.

MRI findings in Joubert syndrome.

Joubert syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder with only 200 cases reported worldwide.Here we report 4 cases of this rare disorder with MRI findings.