Combined effects of and on ameliorating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.

and are renowned for their medicinal properties and rich antioxidant content. These plants have been integral to Ayurvedic medicine, treating various ailments for centuries. The present study investigated the nephroprotective effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of and in a Cisplatin-induced rodent model.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cranial Ultrasound for the Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging As the Gold Standard.

Background and objective Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and white-matter damage are the main brain injuries in preterm infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best way to examine cerebral bleeding. The evidence on cranial ultrasound diagnostic accuracy in neonates is limited in Pakistani publications, which show variability in evidence, necessitating the present study.

Positive Predictive Value of Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Meningitis Among Pediatrics Taking Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis as Gold Standard.

Background And Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is the gold standard for meningitis diagnosis. It is invasive, time-consuming, and can inoculate infection. CSF analysis is not appropriate for many children without significant clinical suspicion, and delaying decision-making can have negative consequences.

A scoping review of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan investigating the status of glycemic control, awareness, treatment adherence, complications and cost.

Background: The high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Pakistan is a challenge to the existing healthcare system. This is the first comprehensive review of the status of glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, treatment adherence, complications and financial burden faced by the diabetic patient population of the country.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for studies on diabetes control, knowledge, treatment adherence, prevalence of complications and cost in Pakistan published in English from 2000 to 2024.

Comparing the Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Ketorolac and Tramadol After Open Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Opioids are the mainstay for postoperative pain control. However, due to the increasing dependence on opioids and their side effects, multiple adjuncts are used to reduce opioid consumption, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed by general surgeons worldwide.

Developmental exposure of antibiotics shortens life span and induces teratogenicity in .

Antibiotics are the major therapeutic arsenal against bacterial infections. Yet, beneath this medical triumph lies an under investigated challenge of the potential teratological and toxicological impacts associated with the use of antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the teratogenic potential of five commonly used antibiotics (streptomycin, metronidazole, tigecycline, doxycycline and norfloxacin) on Oregon-R strain.

Ideal Local Anesthetic for Intraperitoneal Gallbladder Bed Infiltration Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard operation for symptomatic cholelithiasis; however, pain remains a major factor in increasing morbidity and length of hospital stay. Infiltration of the gallbladder bed with a local anesthetic has been shown to improve postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, although it is unclear which local anesthetic provides superior pain relief. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of various local anesthetics on postoperative pain when instilled intraperitoneally in the gallbladder bed following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

New insights into the spatial variability of microbial diversity and density in peatlands exposed to various electron acceptors with an emphasis on methanogenesis and CO fluxes.

Peatlands are vital in the global carbon cycle, acting as significant sinks for carbon and releasing methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO) into the atmosphere. However, the complex interactions between environmental factors and the microbial communities responsible for these greenhouse gas emissions remain insufficiently understood. To address this knowledge gap, a pilot-scale mesocosm study was conducted to assess the impact of different terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), including sulfate (SO ), humic acid (HA), and goethite, on CH and CO emissions and microbial community structures in peatlands.

Identification of RTS,S/AS01 vaccine-induced humoral biomarkers predictive of protection against controlled human malaria infection.

BACKGROUNDThe mechanism(s) responsible for the efficacy of WHO-recommended malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 are not completely understood. We previously identified RTS,S vaccine-induced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-specific (PfCSP-specific) antibody measures associated with protection from controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Here, we tested the protection-predicting capability of these measures in independent CHMI studies.

Assessment of barriers to the dietary adherence among type 2 diabetic patients in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess the common barriers responsible for non-adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 4, 2021, to March 6, 2022, at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised type 2 diabetes patients of either gender aged 18-80 years who had previously been given recommended dietary advice. Dietary barriers were assessed using a 27-item validated questionnaire, and the subjects were compared in terms of age and diabetes duration.

Chitosan-carrageenan microbeads containing nano-encapsulated curcumin: Nano-in-micro hydrogels as alternative-therapeutics for resistant pathogens associated with chronic wounds.

Antimicrobial resistance is an issue of global relevance for the treatment of chronic wound infections. In this study, nano-in-micro hydrogels (microbeads) of chitosan and κ-carrageenan (CCMBs) containing curcumin-loaded rhamnosomes (Cur-R) were developed. The potential of Cur-R-CCMBs for improving the antibacterial activity and sustained release of curcumin was evaluated.

Exposure to toxic cadmium concentration induce physiological and molecular mechanisms alleviating herbivory infestation in Wedelia.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity induces significant disruptions in growth and development, plants have developed strategies to alleviate metal toxicity promoting establishment even during herbivores infestation. The study demonstrates that W. trilobata maintains growth and development under the combined stress of Cd exposure and herbivore invasion by Spodoptera litura, in contrast to W.

Genome-wide identification of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their expression profile in response to β-cypermethrin stress in Zeugodacus cucurbitae.

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse transmembrane receptor family in the cell. They are involved in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including behavior, reproduction, and development. However, GPCRs have not yet been identified in Zeugodacus cucurbitae.

Bifunctional CoO/g-CN Hetrostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

This study explored the synergistic potential of photoelectrochemical water splitting through bifunctional CoO/g-CN heterostructures. This novel approach merged solar panel technology with electrochemical cell technology, obviating the need for external voltage from batteries. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were utilized to confirm the surface morphology and crystal structure of fabricated nanocomposites; CoO, CoO/g-CN, and CoO/Cg-CN.

Spectroscopic monitoring of polyurethane-based nanocomposite as a potential catalyst for the reduction of dyes.

In this study, AgNPs-loaded polyurethane-sodium alginate (PU-S/Alg) composite polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization and in-situ reduction method. Their catalytic potential was evaluated for the reduction of methyl orange (MO), brilliant blue (BB), Rhodamine B (RhB), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Successful preparation of samples was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Visible), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Efficacy of seventh generation bonding agents as desensitizers in patients with dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most challenging and persistent dental complaints characterized by transient, intense pain triggered by various stimuli. It affects a significant portion of the global population, predominantly those aged 20-40. This study aims to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of seventh-generation dentin bonding agents (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) against a control group using Bifluorid 12 by Voco in mitigating DH within a month of the follow-up period.

Examining Communicative, Critical Health Literacy and eHealth Literacy among International University Students Residing in Japan.

(1) Background: International students with sufficient health literacy are better equipped to respond to public health emergencies and reduce any unintentional harm that may occur during such events. This study aims to assess the current status of health literacy among international students and investigate the factors that influence health literacy. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tokyo on international university students using a questionnaire consisting of the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy and eHealth Literacy Scales.

Transcription factor shapes chromosomal conformation and regulates gene expression in bacterial adaptation.

Genomic mutations allow bacteria to adapt rapidly to adverse stress environments. The three-dimensional conformation of the genome may also play an important role in transcriptional regulation and environmental adaptation. Here, using chromosome conformation capture, we investigate the high-order architecture of the Zymomonas mobilis chromosome in response to genomic mutation and ambient stimuli (acetic acid and furfural, derived from lignocellulosic hydrolysate).

Malnutrition in children under five years in a squatter settlement of Karachi: a case-control study.

Background: Multidimensional factors such as socioeconomic or environmental factors influence malnutrition. Several studies have strongly linked malnutrition to poverty. Some international studies point to the worse nutritional status of urban slum children than rural children.

Cadmium induced defense enhance the invasive potential of Wedelia trilobata under herbivore infestation.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is on the rise due to rapid urbanization, which emphasize the potential adverse effects on plant biodiversity and human health. Wedelia as a dominant invasive species, is tested for its tolerance to Cd-toxicity and herbivore infestation. We investigate defense mechanism system of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its native congener Wedelia chinensis against the Cd-pollution and Spodoptera litura infestation.

Enhanced uranium extraction from seawater: from the viewpoint of kinetics and thermodynamics.

Uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is recognized as one of the seven pivotal chemical separations with the potential to revolutionize global paradigms. The forthcoming decade is anticipated to witness a surge in UES, driven by escalating energy demands. The oceanic reservoirs, possessing uranium quantities approximately 1000-fold higher than terrestrial mines, present a more sustainable and environmentally benign alternative.