Temporal Profile of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in a Rodent Model of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an early onset genetic disorder characterized by numerous renal cysts resulting in end stage renal disease. Our study aimed to determine if metabolic reprogramming and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP) is a critical dysregulated pathway in PKD. Using the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rat model of PKD and Lewis controls, we profiled temporal trends for KP metabolites in plasma, urine, and kidney tissues from 6- and 12-week-old mixed sex animals using liquid and gas chromatography, minimum  = 5 per cohort.

Nephronophthisis-Pathobiology and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Rare Kidney Genetic Disease.

The exponential rise in our understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of genetic cystic kidney diseases can be attributed to the identification of cystogenic genes over the last three decades. The foundation of this was laid by positional cloning strategies which gradually shifted towards next-generation sequencing (NGS) based screenings. This shift has enabled the discovery of novel cystogenic genes at an accelerated pace unlike ever before and, most notably, the past decade has seen the largest increase in identification of the genes which cause nephronophthisis (NPHP).

Profiling Autoantibody Responses to Devise Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers Using High-Density Protein Microarrays.

Protein microarrays are a diverse and high-throughput platform for screening biomolecular interactions, autoantigens, and protein expression profiles across tissues, etc. Autoantibodies produced against aberrant protein expression are often observed in malignancies which makes protein microarrays a powerful platform to elucidate biomarkers of translational interest. Early diagnosis of malignancies is an enduring clinical problem that has a direct impact on disease prognosis.

Evaluation of autoantibody signatures in meningioma patients using human proteome arrays.

Meningiomas are one of the most common tumors of the Central nervous system (CNS). This study aims to identify the autoantibody biomarkers in meningiomas using high-density human proteome arrays (~17,000 full-length recombinant human proteins). Screening of sera from 15 unaffected healthy individuals, 10 individuals with meningioma grade I and 5 with meningioma grade II was performed.

Serum Profiling for Identification of Autoantibody Signatures in Diseases Using Protein Microarrays.

Protein microarrays are platforms for studying protein-protein interactions and identifying disease-related self-antigens/autoantigens, which elicit an immune response in a high-throughput format. Protein arrays have been extensively used over the past two decades for several clinical applications. By using this platform, serum containing autoantibodies against potential self-antigens can be screened on proteome-wide arrays, harboring a large repertoire of full-length human proteins.

Protein microarray applications: Autoantibody detection and posttranslational modification.

The discovery of DNA microarrays was a major milestone in genomics; however, it could not adequately predict the structure or dynamics of underlying protein entities, which are the ultimate effector molecules in a cell. Protein microarrays allow simultaneous study of thousands of proteins/peptides, and various advancements in array technologies have made this platform suitable for several diagnostic and functional studies. Antibody arrays enable researchers to quantify the abundance of target proteins in biological fluids and assess PTMs by using the antibodies.

An overview of innovations and industrial solutions in Protein Microarray Technology.

The complexity involving protein array technology reflects in the fact that instrumentation and data analysis are subject to change depending on the biological question, technical compatibility of instruments and software used in each experiment. Industry has played a pivotal role in establishing standards for future deliberations in sustenance of these technologies in the form of protein array chips, arrayers, scanning devices, and data analysis software. This has enhanced the outreach of protein microarray technology to researchers across the globe.

Meeting Report: "Proteomics from Discovery to Function:" 6th Annual Meeting of Proteomics Society, India and International Conference-A Milestone for the Indian Proteomics Community.

Proteomics is at the epicenter of post-genomics biotechnologies that are currently driving the next generation system science. Moreover, proteomics is a truly global science. The 6(th) Annual Meeting of Proteomics Society, India (PSI) and International Conference on "Proteomics from Discovery to Function" held from December 7-9, 2014, was a transformative endeavor for global proteomics, bringing together the luminaries in the field of proteomics for the very first time in India.

Autoantibody Profiling of Glioma Serum Samples to Identify Biomarkers Using Human Proteome Arrays.

The heterogeneity and poor prognosis associated with gliomas, makes biomarker identification imperative. Here, we report autoantibody signatures across various grades of glioma serum samples and sub-categories of glioblastoma multiforme using Human Proteome chips containing ~17000 full-length human proteins. The deduced sets of classifier proteins helped to distinguish Grade II, III and IV samples from the healthy subjects with 88, 89 and 94% sensitivity and 87, 100 and 73% specificity, respectively.

Proteomics research in India: an update.

After a successful completion of the Human Genome Project, deciphering the mystery surrounding the human proteome posed a major challenge. Despite not being largely involved in the Human Genome Project, the Indian scientific community contributed towards proteomic research along with the global community. Currently, more than 76 research/academic institutes and nearly 145 research labs are involved in core proteomic research across India.

Challenges and prospects for biomarker research: a current perspective from the developing world.

Majority of deaths due to communicable and non-communicable diseases occur in the low and middle-income nations (LMNs), mainly due to the lack of early diagnoses and timely treatments. In such a scenario, biomarkers serve as an indispensible resource that can be used as indicators of biological processes, specific disease conditions or response to therapeutic interventions. Evaluation, diagnosis and management of diseases in developing world by following/extrapolating the findings obtained on the basis of the research work involving only the populations from the developed countries, could often be highly misleading due to existence of diverse patterns of diseases in developing countries compared to the developed world.