[Morphological criteria for progression risk in patients with prostate cancer after radiation therapy].

Aim: To study an importance of new 2016 WHO histologic grading system for prostate cancer in evaluating the risk of progressing after conformal external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy 125I and androgen deprivation therapy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 53 patients with prostate acinar adenocarcinoma were undergone to conformal external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy 125I and androgen deprivation therapy. Age of patients was 54-80 years (68.

[Importance of proliferative potential (as the ratio of a proliferative cells number and duration of mitosis) in diagnoses of malignant degree and prognosis of adrenocortical cancer].

The aim of research has been the estimation of a proliferative potential as simultaneous detection of a proliferative cells number (Ki-67 index) and duration of mitosis (nucleolar argyrophilic protein expression--B23/nucleophosmin and C23/nucleolin) at patients with adrenocortical cancer. In according to lifetime of patients after operation 2 groups had been sorted out. The first one included patients surviving 56.

[Liver cancer: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study].

Primary liver tumors, including 7 low-grade hepatocellular carcinomas (HC), 12 average-grade HC (including 2 mixed tumors and 2 cholangiocellular carcinomas (ChC)), obtained from 23 patients, were histologically, immunohistochemically, and electron microscopically. Certain markers were immunohistochemically studied to identify HC and ChC and differentiate liver carcinoma from metastatic tumors of the same organ.

[Embryonic hepatic sarcoma in children: aspects of morphological diagnosis].

13 cases of embryonic undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver were examined. The tumor was detected in children: 50% being between 5-6 years of age and no sex domination was found. The tumors were solitary, large, well demarcated and had cystic areas of gelatinous degeneration.

[Identification of the hereditary variants of skin melanoma].

The identification of hereditary variants of cutaneous melanoma and analysis of the role of hereditary factors and syndromes predisposing to cutaneous melanoma were carried out. The involvement of individual nevus phenotypes in the development of this disease was determined. Based on a survey of recent molecular biological data and our studies, the etiological and genetic heterogeneity of cutaneous melanoma is reported.

[Association of polymorphism of genetic markers of CYP19 and CYP17 with sporadic breast cancer].

Polymorphic alleles of CYP17 and CYP19, which are involved in estrogen biosynthesis, were tested for association with breast cancer (BC). Microsatellite (TTTA)n and 3-bp deletion of CYP19 and single-nucleotide polymorphism T27C of CYP17 were analyzed in 123 BC patients and 119 healthy women. Of the six (TTTA)n alleles observed, allele (TTTA)8 proved to be associated with BC (11.

[Analysis of mutations in the RET proto-oncogene in patients with medullary thyroid tumor].

The spectrum of mutations of the RET protooncogene was analyzed in Russian patients with inherited or sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Four RET exons (11, 13, 15, and 16) were subjected to molecular analysis, and mutations were revealed and identified in 47.4% (9/19) patients with sporadic MTC.

[Treatment of patients with stage I nonseminomal germ cell testicular tumors].

Three different approaches to treatment of non-seminomal germinogenic testicular tumors (NSGTT) of stage I after orchidofuniculectomy: preventive retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, preventive chemotherapy, expectant treatment. Recurrences, 5-year recurrence-free and overall survivals reached 17.4, 81.

Three novel mutations in the RET proto-oncogene.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs as a sporadic tumor or in connection with inherited cancer syndromes of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and familial MTC. Missense RET proto-oncogene mutations and small in-frame deletions are found in most of the cases. In a significant amount of sporadic MTC cases somatic mutation at codon 918 (exon 16), or at codons 609, 611, 618, 620 (exon 10), or codons 630, 634 (exon 11) appear.

[Cytomorphological diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary].

The cytology of granulosa cell tumor in children and adults is studied. Cytological smears of ascitic fluid and fresh tissue smears were examined. The tumor was diagnosed in 9 patients aged 11 to 73 years.

Decrease of ornithine decarboxylase activity in premalignant gastric mucosa and regression of small intestinal metaplasia in patients supplemented with high doses of vitamin E.

The effect of high doses of vitamin E (Vit.E; 400 units/ day) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and regression of small intestinal metaplasia (SIM) was studied in a 1-year double-blind intervention trial. Biochemical and morphological parameters were estimated in 14 evaluable SIM patients of 18 in the Vit.

Effect of prolonged beta-carotene or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on ornithine decarboxylase activity in human atrophic stomach mucosa.

The effect of beta-carotene and DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TAc) on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human atrophic stomach mucosa and intestinal metaplasia (IM) was studied in a double-blind intervention trial. Persons (227) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and/or atrophic gastritis (AG) were examined. It was found that ODC activity in the biopsies of antral mucosa increased gradually from normal mucosa (7.

[The role of embryoid bodies in the development of germinogenous tumors of complex structure and of the teratoma].

250 germinal gonadal and extragonadal tumors were studied in children and adolescents under 16 years of age. Germinal tumours of complex structure were found in 42 patients and in 36 of them embryoid bodies of various types (full, not-full, amorphous) were distinguished. Certain features were revealed indicating the development of the immature teratoma by means of maturation of preexisting embryoid bodies.

[Features of the histogenesis of testicular yolk sac tumors in children].

32 cases of a yolk sac tumour of the testis in children aged up to 5 years underwent retrospective morphological study. Foci of proliferation of activated gonocytes identical to the type A spermatogonia with clear nuclei and the type B spermatogonia characterized by a negative PAS-reaction and reaction to alpha-fetoprotein are observed in the seminiferous tubules surrounding a tumour. Besides this areas of the primordial germinogen cell generation are found among the cells lining the system of labyrinths and channels of the yolk sac tumour.

[A comparative study of delayed hypersensitivity due to mycobacteria and their isolated protein fractions].

The role of intracellular protein fractions, isolated from M. tuberculosis virulent strains in the process of the electrophoretic separation, in the development of delayed hypersensitivity reactions has been studied. Low reactogenicity of protein fractions has been established on the basis of the development of faint immunopathological reactions in sensitized animals.

[Extradural sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma].

Histological and electron microscopic evidence has been obtained on a rare tumor--extradural sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma which was detected in two boys. A 5-year-old had a malignant recurrent tumor localized presacrally and metastatic to the lungs. The other boy aged 9 developed a benign subcutaneous tumor.

[Germinogenic tumors of gonadal and extragonadal sites in children].

Literature data are presented on histogenesis, classification, morphology, tumor markers and prognosis of germinogenic childhood tumors of gonadal and extragonadal origin.