Forced Overexpression and Knockout Analysis of SLC30A and SLC39A Family Genes Suggests Their Involvement in Establishing Resistance to Cisplatin in Human Cancer Cells.

The metabolism of zinc and manganese plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by mediating cancer cell growth and metastasis. The SLC30A family proteins and mediate the efflux of zinc, manganese, and probably other transition element ions outside the cytoplasm to the extracellular space or into intracellular membrane compartments. The SLC39A family members and are their functional antagonists that transfer these ions into the cytoplasm.

Number of human protein interactions correlates with structural, but not regulatory conservation of the respective genes.

Introduction: The differential ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions (dN/dS) is a common measure of the rate of structural evolution in proteincoding genes. In addition, we recently suggested that the proportion of transposable elements in gene promoters that host functional genomic sites serves as a marker of the rate of regulatory evolution of genes. Such functional genomic regions may include transcription factor binding sites and modified histone binding loci.

Geospatial Analysis of Malaria Burden in Kagera Region, Northwestern Tanzania Using Health Facility and Community Survey Data.

Background: Malaria transmission in Tanzania has declined significantly over the last 2 decades due to scaled-up control interventions. However, recent confirmation of artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) in Kagera region in northwest Tanzania threatens the ongoing efforts to eliminate malaria in the country. This study was conducted according to the World Health Organization recommendation to generate evidence of malaria burden in areas with confirmed ART-R as the first step before developing a response strategy to the resistance.

Role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in reducing neurotoxicity and depression-like behaviors induced by doxorubicin in rats.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antitumor drug while its use is limited nowadays due to its neurobiological side effects associated with depression. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) derived exosomes are a promising regenerative therapy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potentiality of BM-MSCs derived exosomes against the neurotoxicity induced by DOX.

A comparative study on the protective effects of cuminaldehyde, thymoquinone, and gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced pulmonary and renal toxicity in rats by affecting ROS and NF-κB signaling.

CCl toxicity is a fatal condition that can cause numerous organ dysfunctions. We evaluated and compared the protective effects of cuminaldehyde (CuA), thymoquinone (TQ), and gallic acid (GA) on CCl-induced pulmonary and renal toxicity in rats. The impacts of these compounds on CCl-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and morphological alterations were examined.

Seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols suppress hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by targeting apoptosis, cancer stem cells, and proliferation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor and one of the most challenging cancers to treat. Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo ameliorating impacts of seedless black Vitis vinifera (VV) polyphenols on HCC. Following the preparation of the VV crude extract (VVCE) from seedless VV (pulp and skin), three fractions (VVF1, VVF2, and VVF3) were prepared.

Human Blood Serum Counteracts EGFR/HER2-Targeted Drug Lapatinib Impact on Squamous Carcinoma SK-BR-3 Cell Growth and Gene Expression.

Lapatinib is a targeted therapeutic inhibiting HER2 and EGFR proteins. It is used for the therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer, although not all the patients respond to it. Using human blood serum samples from 14 female donors (separately taken or combined), we found that human blood serum dramatically abolishes the lapatinib-mediated inhibition of growth of the human breast squamous carcinoma SK-BR-3 cell line.

Acrylamide exposure induces growth retardation, neurotoxicity, stress, and immune/antioxidant disruption in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): The alleviative effects of Chlorella vulgaris diets.

This study looked at the toxic impacts of water-born acrylamide (ACR) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in terms of behaviors, growth, immune/antioxidant parameters and their regulating genes, biochemical indices, tissue architecture, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. As well as the probable ameliorative effect of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) microalgae as a feed additive against ACR exposure was studied. The 96-h lethal concentration 50 of ACR was investigated and found to be 34.

The black Vitis vinifera seed oil saponifiable fraction ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via modulating apoptosis and ROS/NF-κB signaling.

To date, no total curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of black Vitis vinifera (VV) seed oil saponifiable (Sap) fraction (BSap) using five different cancer cell lines. The apoptotic and anti-inflammatory impacts of BSap on the cell line with the highest cytotoxic effect were studied.

Targeted Inhibitors of EGFR: Structure, Biology, Biomarkers, and Clinical Applications.

Members of the EGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors are major regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In humans, abnormal activation of EGFR is associated with the development and progression of many cancer types, which makes it an attractive target for molecular-guided therapy. Two classes of EGFR-targeted cancer therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which mostly target the intracellular part of EGFR and inhibit its activity in molecular signaling.

Estimating the in vitro cytotoxicity of the newly emerged zinc oxide (ZnO) doped chromium nanoparticles using the human fetal lung fibroblast cells (WI38 cells).

Advances in nanotechnology have been increased for more smart applications and getting the highest level of benefits, recently modification of the surface characters of nanoparticles is a new trend to get the optimal benefits, one of these modification is doping of zinc oxide with chromium nanoparticles (ZnO doped Cr NPs), the present study aimed to identify the surface characters of doped ZnO and their possible cytotoxic effects. The doped NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Electromagnetic Data Exchange (EDX). Human fetal lung fibroblast cells (WI38 Cells) was treated with variable concentrations of pure ZnO and ZnO doped Cr (0.

"It's complicated…": Exploring second stage caesarean sections and reasons for non-performance of assisted vaginal births in Kenya: A mixed methods study.

Unnecessary Caesarean Section (CS) can have adverse effects on women and their newborns. Assisted vaginal birth/delivery (AVB/AVD) using a suction device or obstetric forceps is a potential alternative when delays or complications occur in the second stage of labour. Unlike CS, AVB using a suction device does not require regional or general anaesthesia, can often be performed by midwives, and does not scar the uterus, lowering the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity, in this and subsequent pregnancies.

The association between body mass index elevation and differentiation in vitamin D receptor gene expression, genetic polymorphism, and oxidative stress in adult Egyptian individuals.

Vitamin D plays a central role in maintaining calcium, phosphorus, and bone homeostasis in close interaction with the parathyroid hormone. Obesity is a significant health problem worldwide, particularly in developed nations. The current study was carried out to investigate the possible relationship between body mass index (BMI) elevation and differentiation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VD), vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression, and genetic polymorphism besides oxidative stress in adult Egyptian individuals.

A new approach for the treatment of bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary injury by combined protein fraction of major royal jelly protein 2 and its isoform X1.

Nowadays, royal jelly (RJ) has gained great interest as a functional food due to its valuable pharmacological effects. We investigated the therapeutic potency of combined protein fraction (PF) of major RJ protein 2 and its isoform X1 on bleomycin (Bleo)-induced pulmonary injury in rats. Our study examined the impact of PF on pulmonary oxidative and inflammatory stress as well as smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA).

Human Blood Serum Can Diminish EGFR-Targeted Inhibition of Squamous Carcinoma Cell Growth through Reactivation of MAPK and EGFR Pathways.

Regardless of the presence or absence of specific diagnostic mutations, many cancer patients fail to respond to EGFR-targeted therapeutics, and a personalized approach is needed to identify putative (non)responders. We found previously that human peripheral blood and EGF can modulate the activities of EGFR-specific drugs on inhibiting clonogenity in model EGFR-positive A431 squamous carcinoma cells. Here, we report that human serum can dramatically abolish the cell growth rate inhibition by EGFR-specific drugs cetuximab and erlotinib.

Targeting Some Key Metalloproteinases by Nano-Naringenin and as a Novel Strategy for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rats.

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the highest degenerative disorder. Because cartilage erosion is a common pathological alteration in OA, targeting some key metalloproteinases such as MMP-3, ADAMTS-5 besides their inhibitor TIMP-3 by natural products, could be an effective strategy to protect against osteoarthritis. Forty female Wister rats were categorized into five equal groups.

Anticancer role of mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and seed kernel extracts against 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. The present study is an effort to reveal the antiproliferative and antioxidant actions of mango seed kernel extract (KE), peel extract (PE), and their combination (KEPE) on mammary tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Seven groups of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared, including C: (control), DMBA: (rats were administered with DMBA), (DMBA-KE), (DMBA-PE), and (DMBA-KEPE): rats were administered with DMBA and then treated with KE, PE, and (both KE and PE), respectively, (KE) and (PE): rats were administered with KE and PE, separately.

Effects of cannabidiol on anandamide levels in individuals with cannabis use disorder: findings from a randomised clinical trial for the treatment of cannabis use disorder.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has shown promise in treating psychiatric disorders, including cannabis use disorder - a major public health burden with no approved pharmacotherapies. However, the mechanisms through which CBD acts are poorly understood. One potential mechanism of CBD is increasing levels of anandamide, which has been implicated in psychiatric disorders including depression and cannabis use disorder.

Royal Jelly and Mitigate Gibberellic Acid-Induced Cytogenotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats via Modulation of the PPARα/AP-1 Signaling Pathway and Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a well-known plant growth regulator used in several countries, but its widespread use has negative effects on both animal and human health. The current study assesses the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) and (CV) on the genotoxicity and hepatic injury induced by GA3 in rats. Daily oral administration of 55 mg/kg GA3 to rats for 6 constitutive weeks induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver via oxidative stress and inflammation.

Inhibition of oxidative stress, IL-13, and WNT/β-catenin in ovalbumin-sensitized rats by a novel organogel of Punica granatum seed oil saponifiable fraction.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural remodeling. Here, we prepared two pomegranate fractions from the seed oil, saponifiable (Sap) and unsaponifiable (UnSap). Two organogels (Orgs) were also formulated with the Sap (Org1) or the UnSap (Org2) fraction and beeswax (BW).

Effect of four-week cannabidiol treatment on cognitive function: secondary outcomes from a randomised clinical trial for the treatment of cannabis use disorder.

Rationale: Chronic cannabis use is associated with impaired cognitive function. Evidence indicates cannabidiol (CBD) might be beneficial for treating cannabis use disorder. CBD may also have pro-cognitive effects; however, its effect on cognition in people with cannabis use disorder is currently unclear.

Evidence linking APOBEC3B genesis and evolution of innate immune antagonism by gamma-herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductases.

Viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to antagonize host immunity such as direct inhibition and relocalization of cellular APOBEC3B (A3B) by the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) of Epstein-Barr virus. Here, we investigate the mechanistic conservation and evolutionary origin of this innate immune counteraction strategy. First, we find that human gamma-herpesvirus RNRs engage A3B via largely distinct surfaces.

Prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.

Several chemicals and medications induce cellular damage in various organs of the body by activating reactive substances' metabolism leading to various pathological conditions including liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp water extract (PE) against CCl-induced rat hepatotoxicity.