The Anesthetic Challenges of Caring for a Pediatric Patient With Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Report.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant disorder. We present a case of an infant with IP who was brought to the operating room for panretinal diode photocoagulation under general anesthesia. The anesthesia team was unable to obtain intravenous access even with instruments such as a vein finder and ultrasound.

Grisel's syndrome: a case report on this rare pediatric disease and its anesthetic challenges.

Background: Grisel's syndrome is a non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation associated with inflammatory conditions of the head and neck, which occurs primarily in children. Increased flexibility of the ligaments during inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of the subluxation between the axis and atlas. The potential sequelae may be severe, and early diagnosis and treatment of Grisel's syndrome can prevent tragic outcomes.