Effects of polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol on growth and protease activity of Acanthopagrus schlegelii juveniles.

Many plastic products are used in aquaculture. Studying the toxicological effects of plastics differing in water solubility on marine organisms can provide valuable information. In this study, different amounts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene (PE) films were embedded in the feed and fed to Acanthopagrus schlegelii.

Effects of Lead and Zinc Exposure on Uptake and Exudation Levels, Chlorophyll-a, and Phycobiliproteins in .

The present study aimed to determine the changes in the biosorption, bioaccumulation, chlorophyll-a (chl-a), phycobiliproteins, and exudation in the red seaweed exposed to lead and zinc. The seaweed was exposed to ambient lead and zinc environments for 5 days before being transferred to fresh seawater, and the changes in biodesorption, biodecumulation, chl-a, and phycobiliprotein levels in were investigated. Lead and zinc biosorption and bioaccumulation in the seaweed increased with the increase in the lead and zinc concentrations and exposure times.

Microplastics in seawater and two sides of the Taiwan Strait: Reflection of the social-economic development.

Microplastic abundance, distribution and source characteristics were investigated for the surface seawaters from the Taiwan Strait as well as those of sediments along its west and east coasts. The microplastic abundances were in the range of 28-208 (mean 90) and 10-246 (mean 69) items/kg (d.w.

Effects of Cadmium on Bioaccumulation, Bioabsorption, and Photosynthesis in .

This study investigated the changes in bioaccumulation, bioabsorption, photosynthesis rate, respiration rate, and photosynthetic pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin) of following cadmium exposure within 24 h. The bioabsorption was significantly higher than the bioaccumulation at all cadmium levels ( < 0.05).

Metals in Fishes from Yongshu Island, Southern South China Sea: Human Health Risk Assessment.

In order to assess the bioaccumulation of metals associated with gender, tissues, and their potential ecological risk, four species of fish were collected from the Yongshu Island in the Southern South China Sea. Metals and stable Pb isotopes in their tissues (muscle, gill, liver, intestine, and ovary) were determined. The concentrations of metals (mg/kg, dry weight) in these species were ND-21.

Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China.

Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a subtropical wetland ecosystem in southeast coast of China, which is of dense population and rapid development. The concentrations, sources, and pollution assessment of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Hg) in surface sediment from 29 sites and the biota specimen were investigated for better ecological risk assessment and environmental management. The ranges of trace metals in mg/kg sediment were as follows: Cu (10.

Changes in hemolymph oxyhemocyanin, acid-base balance, and electrolytes in Marsupenaeus japonicus under combined ammonia and nitrite stress.

Ammonia and nitrite are the most common toxic nitrogenous compounds in aquaculture ponds. We evaluated the effects of a combined treatment with these two compounds on the hemolymph acid-base balance, electrolytes and oxyhemocyanin content in kuruma shrimp, (Marsupenaeus japonicus). The shrimp (6.

Salinity and temperature tolerance of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.

Grouper have to face varied environmental stressors as a result of drastic changes to water conditions during the storm season. We aimed to test the response of brown-marbled grouper to drastic and gradual changes in temperature and salinity to understand the grouper's basic stress response. The results can improve the culture of grouper.

The effects of a sudden salinity change on cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality levels in grouper Epinephelus malabaricus.

Grouper Epinephelus malabaricus (weighing 46.37 ± 5.10 g) previously maintained in 24‰ seawater were transferred to 14, 19, 24 (control), 29, and 34‰ seawater.

Modulation of innate immunity and gene expressions in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following long-term starvation and re-feeding.

The survival rate, weight loss, immune parameters, resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus and white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and expressions of lipopolysaccharide- and ß-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppA), prophenoloxidase (proPO) I, proPO II, α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), integrin ß, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytMnSOD), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtMnSOD), and extracellular copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (ecCuZnSOD) were examined in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (8.18 ± 0.86 g body weight) which had been denied food (starved) for up to 14-28 days.

Orai1-STIM1 formed store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) as the molecular components needed for Pb2+ entry in living cells.

Heavy metal lead (Pb2+) is a pollutant and causes severe toxicity when present in human tissues especially the nervous system. Recent reviews have suggested that Pb2+ can target Ca2+-related proteins within neurons and that Ca2+ channels might be a candidate for Pb2+ entry. This study's main aim was to identify the functional entry pathway of Pb2+ into living cells.

Effect of sulfide on the immune response and susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus.

Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus held in 34 per thousand seawater were injected with tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown Vibrio alginolyticus (2.7x10(6)cfu shrimp(-1)), and then placed in water containing concentrations of sulfide at 0 (control), 51, 106, 528 and 1050microgl(-1), respectively. After 12-144h, mortality of V.

An increase of uricogenesis in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus under nitrite stress.

Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate, under the stress of 0.36 and 1.39 mM nitrite at 30 per thousand (parts per thousand, g kg(-1)) for 48 h, were examined for nucleotide-related compounds, specific activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD), and uricase.

Increase of uricogenesis in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus reared under hyper-osmotic conditions.

Tissues of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate (5.7+/-1.1 g) reared in salinities of 18, 26, 34 and 42 were examined for levels of nucleotide-related compounds, ammonia, urea and uric acid, and activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and uricase.

The immune response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio infection in relation with the moult cycle.

The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (8.0-14.4 g) was examined for haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus in relation with moult cycle (postmoult, A, B; intermoult, C; premoult, D(0)/D(1)D(2)/D(3)).

Study on the oxyhemocyanin, deoxyhemocyanin, oxygen affinity and acid-base balance of Marsupenaeus japonicus following exposure to combined elevated nitrite and nitrate.

Marsupenaeus japonicus (11.47+/-0.71 g) exposed individually to six different nitrite and nitrate regimes [(0.

Joint action of elevated ambient nitrite and nitrate on hemolymph nitrogenous compounds and nitrogen excretion of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

Penaeus monodon (12.13+/-1.14 g) exposed individually to six different nitrite and nitrate regimes (0.

Accumulation of nitrate in the tissues of Penaeus monodon following elevated ambient nitrate exposure after different time periods.

Penaeus monodon (10.56 +/- 0.71 g) exposed individually to 0.