In silico structure prediction and inhibition mechanism studies of AtHDA14 as revealed by homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics simulation.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a significant role in the epigenetic mechanism by catalyzing deacetylation of lysine on histone in both animals and plants. HDACs involved in growth, development and response to stresses in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana histone deacetylase 14 (AtHDA14) is found to localize in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, and it involved in photosynthesis and melatonin biosynthesis.

Immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 acts as a novel biomarker for the pathological process of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aim: Accumulating evidence suggested that challenge of the maternal-fetal interaction during pregnancy might cause the impairment of immunological hemostasis and lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pathological process. Immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 is one of the critical molecule balancing immune response and immunological tolerance.

Methods: PD-1 expressions on T-cell subsets of GDM patients and control groups were measured via flow cytometric analysis and followed up.

[Vitamin A deficiency causes asymmetric somitogenesis and abnormal hindbrain patterning in zebrafish embryos].

Retinoic acid (RA) plays essential roles in vertebrate embryogenesis. However, vertebrates cannot synthesize RA de novo. They synthesize it by two oxidative steps, first converting the precursor vitamin A into retinal by retinol dehydrogenase, and then oxidizing retinal into RA irreversibly by retinal dehydrogenase.