Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Vascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation, and neuroinflammation are thought to participate in Alzheimer`s disease (AD) pathogenesis, though the mechanism is poorly understood. Among pathways of interest, AD pathology appears to affect vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) signaling in a bidirectional manner. Higher VEGF levels are thought to have a protective role and slow cognitive decline.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) corresponds to a clinical phenotype with heterogeneous neuropathology, including corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synucleinopathies such as Lewy Body Disease (LBD), in rare cases. Previous reports of CBS-LBD describe patients with diffuse LBD, a younger age of onset and occasionally lacking core features like REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD).

Method: We present a young patient with CBS who had a rapid progression and was found to have a high burden of limbic LBD and high AD co-pathology at autopsy.

CREG1 attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via the PINK1/Parkin-related mitophagy pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a chronic degenerative disease with a complex pathophysiological mechanism. Increasing evidence suggests that the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of IVDD. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by the formation of plasma membrane pores by gasdermin family proteins, leading to cell swelling, membrane rupture, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which trigger an inflammatory response.

Diagnostic value of digital continuous bowel sounds in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A prospective observational study.

Background: Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) and worsens the prognosis of critically ill patients. The four-point grading system proposed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine is subjective and lacks specificity. Therefore, a more objective method is required to evaluate and determine the grade of gastrointestinal dysfunction in this patient population.

Novel type 2 diabetes prediction score based on traditional risk factors and circulating metabolites: model derivation and validation in two large cohort studies.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the incremental predictive value of metabolomic biomarkers for assessing the 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes when added to the clinical Cambridge Diabetes Risk Score (CDRS).

Methods: We utilized 86,232 UK Biobank (UKB) participants (recruited between 13 March 2006 and 1 October 2010) for model derivation and internal validation. Additionally, we included 4383 participants from the German ESTHER cohort (recruited between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2002 for external validation).

An efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst constructed using Pt-modified NiS/MoS with optimized kinetics across the full pH range.

Electrocatalyst materials play a crucial role in determining the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), directly influencing the overall effectiveness of energy conversion technologies. NiS/MoS heterostructures hold substantial promise as bifunctional catalysts, owing to their synergistic electronic characteristics and plentiful active sites. However, their catalytic efficacy is impeded by the relatively elevated chemisorption energy of hydrogen-containing intermediates, which constrains their functionality in different pH environments.

Plasma Aβ/Aβ is sensitive to early cerebral amyloid accumulation and predicts risk of cognitive decline across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Introduction: The availability of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing the demand for scalable biomarkers that are sensitive to early cerebral Aβ accumulation.

Methods: We evaluated fully-automated Lumipulse plasma Aβ/Aβ immunoassays for detecting cerebral Aβ in 457 clinically unimpaired (CU) and clinically impaired (CI) Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Stanford ADRC) participants and 186 CU in the Stanford Aging and Memory Study (SAMS). Longitudinal change in ADRC plasma Aβ/Aβ and cognition and cross-sectional associations with SAMS memory and tau positron emission tomography (PET) were examined.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Top-down attention and Alzheimer's pathology impact cortical selectivity during learning, influencing episodic memory in older adults.

Human aging affects the ability to remember new experiences, in part, because of altered neural function during memory formation. One potential contributor to age-related memory decline is diminished neural selectivity -- i.e.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.

Association Between Melanoma Metastasis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Chinese Population.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains a significant global public health concern. However, the relationship between MetS, its individual components and melanoma metastasis remains unexplored. We analysed the clinical data of 258 Chinese melanoma patients who had not undergo systemic therapy.

Use of admission MDS data to capture unrecognized cognitive impairment in heart failure: Implications for community care transitions.

Background: Skilled Nursing residents who have cognitive impairment (CI) in heart failure(HF) have a significantly higher mortality rate. These residents' ability to self-manage their complex care upon discharge is critical for positive health outcomes.

Method: We conducted a secondary data analysis of admission MDS records for 79 residents admitted for HF care from 2021 to 2022.

Soft-sensor model development for CHO growth/production, intracellular metabolite, and glycan predictions.

Efficaciously assessing product quality remains time- and resource-intensive. Online Process Analytical Technologies (PATs), encompassing real-time monitoring tools and soft-sensor models, are indispensable for understanding process effects and real-time product quality. This research study evaluated three modeling approaches for predicting CHO cell growth and production, metabolites (extracellular, nucleotide sugar donors (NSD) and glycan profiles): Mechanistic based on first principle Michaelis-Menten kinetics (MMK), data-driven orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) and neural network machine learning (NN).

Circulating microRNA-409-5p and USP7 are associated with left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that microRNA-409-5p (miR-409-5p) and its target ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) were involved in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury and ischemic left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in rats. This study aimed to probe into the relationship between plasma miR-409-5p and USP7 levels and LVR and dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 cases with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled.

Relationship of the Perioperative Nurse Work Environment With a Culture of Safety and High Reliability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine dimensions of the perioperative work environment and their associations with the operating room (OR) culture of safety and high-reliability characteristics.

Design: A predictive correlational design using a cross-sectional survey was used.

Methods: A convenience sample of perioperative nurses (N = 96) was used to evaluate strength of associations of their work environment with OR safety culture and high-reliability organizational culture.

The Activation of PKM2 Induces Pyroptosis in Hippocampal Neurons via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway in Neonatal Rats With Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Introduction: The presence of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates triggers a strong neuroinflammatory reaction. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism associated with inflammation, plays a crucial role in HIBD. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays a significant role in connecting metabolic processes and inflammatory responses, but whether it affects hippocampus pyroptosis in HIBD is unclear.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory kynurenine pathway dysfunction.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multisystem disorder clinically characterized by motor, non-motor, and premotor manifestations. Pathologically, PD involves neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, striatal dopamine deficiency, and accumulation of intracellular inclusions containing aggregates of α-synuclein. Recent studies demonstrate that PD is associated with dysregulated metabolic flux through the kynurenine pathway (KP), in which tryptophan is converted to kynurenine (KYN), and KYN is subsequently metabolized to neuroactive compounds quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KA).

MerTK macrophages promote melanoma progression and immunotherapy resistance through AhR-ALKAL1 activation.

Despite our increasing understanding of macrophage heterogeneity, drivers of macrophage phenotypic and functional polarization in the microenvironment are not fully elucidated. Here, our single-cell RNA sequencing data identify a subpopulation of macrophages expressing high levels of the phagocytic receptor MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK macrophages), which is closely associated with melanoma progression and immunotherapy resistance. Adoptive transfer of the MerTK macrophages into recipient mice notably accelerated tumor growth regardless of macrophage depletion.

Narrowband Solar-Blind Photodetection of the Plasmonic (InGa)O Detector via the Synergetic Enhancement of Small-Sized Ag-Nanoparticle Photoabsorbance and Surface Modification.

Currently, research on Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) predominantly focuses on UV/visible photodetection and UV emission, seemingly overlooking the significance of Ag in enhancing deep ultraviolet photon detection. In this work, (InGa)O thin films were fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Due to the unique photoabsorbance characteristic and better interaction with photons of small-sized AgNPs, they effectively suppress the UVB absorbance caused by energy band engineering in the (InGa)O thin film while enhancing photoabsorbance in UVC due to the surface plasmon effect.

Revealing the Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Plain Carbon Steel Micro-Alloyed by La in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere.

Plain carbon steel is the most widely applied steel in current engineering construction. With the increased application property needs, the service life of plain carbon steel has been severely tested. As one of the most destructive failure modes, corrosion resistance of carbon steel has attracted wide attention.

TRPV4 Blockage Inhibits the Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Pilocarpine‑Induced Status Epilepticus.

Aberrant neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) contributes to synapse remodeling during temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. Activation of TRPV4 can modulate neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal DG.