Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael/Oxa-Michael Tandem Reaction between β,γ-Unsaturated Amides and Isatin-Derived β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters.

An organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael/oxa-Michael tandem reaction between β,γ-unsaturated pyrazoleamides and isatin-derived β,γ-unsaturated ketoesters has been developed with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The methodology provides an effective approach to construct enantiomerically pure 3,4'-pyranyl spirooxindole derivatives containing three contiguous chiral centers. Moreover, the transformations of the chiral products, including the removal and reduction of the pyrazole group, have been investigated.

Construction of Naphtho[2,1-]oxazoles and 1,4-Epoxyisoquinolines via Regioselectivity-Switchable Diels-Alder Reaction of 4-Alkenyloxazoles with Arynes.

A Regioselectivity-switchable Diels-Alder reaction of arynes and 4-alkenyloxazoles was explored. By regulating the reaction temperature and the polarity of the solvent, the reaction activity of aryne was controlled to selectively react with different favorable reaction sites of 4-alkenyloxazoles, providing naphtho[2,1-]oxazoles and 1,4-epoxyisoquinolines. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the Diels-Alder reaction on acyclic dienes site needs more energy than the reaction on cyclic dienes to overcome the potential reaction barrier.

Triphyrin(2.1.1) with Tunable Skeletons and Properties Based on the Confusion Approach.

The N-confused [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) was facilely synthesized and readily converted into N-confused triphyrinone(2.

Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of dementia in current drinkers: linear and non-linear mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Previous conventional epidemiological studies found a J-shape relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia, but this result was subject to confounding biases and reverse causation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential linear or non-linear causal association between alcohol consumption and the incident risk of dementia in current drinkers.

Methods: This study used data from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia risk.

Identifying First-Trimester Risk Factors for SGA-LGA Using Weighted Inheritance Voting Ensemble Learning.

The classification of fetuses as Small for Gestational Age (SGA) and Large for Gestational Age (LGA) is a critical aspect of neonatal health assessment. SGA and LGA, terms used to describe fetal weights that fall below or above the expected weights for Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) fetuses, indicate intrauterine growth restriction and excessive fetal growth, respectively. Early prediction and assessment of latent risk factors associated with these classifications can facilitate timely medical interventions, thereby optimizing the health outcomes for both the infant and the mother.

Remission to normal blood pressure in older adults with hypertension who did not receive antihypertensive medication: analysis of data from two longitudinal cohorts.

Background: How often hypertensive patients could achieve remission to normal blood pressure (BP) (i.e., <140/90 mmHg) in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, which is important for the management of hypertension, remains largely unknown.

A Class of Heptaphyrins with NIR Absorption Modulated by Metal Coordination and Nucleophilic Substitution.

The intensive interest in expanded porphyrins can be attributed to their appealing photoelectric and coordination behavior. In this work, an N-confused heptaphyrin 1 was synthesized by an acid-catalyzed [3+4] condensation reaction. The introduction of an N-confused pyrrolic unit into the heptaphyrin macrocycle led to the formation of a figure-eight-like conformation with nonsymmetrical "NNNN" and "NNNC" coordination cavities employable for bimetallic coordination.

The association between urinary sodium and the risk of dementia: Evidence from a population-based cohort study.

Background: Sodium intake reduction is crucial for cardiovascular health, however, its lasting impact on dementia remains unclear.

Methods: We included 458,577 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline. We estimated 24-h urinary sodium (E24hUNa) using spot urinary parameters and obtained the incidence of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia from multiple sources.

Pd(II) and Cu(III) Complexes of Multiply Fused Pentaphyrin Isomers with Tunable Structures and NIR Absorption.

Fused porphyrinoids have received increasing interest in light of their extended conjugation and unique coordination behavior. On the basis of our previously reported multiply fused pentaphyrin isomers and , a novel isomer has been synthesized in this work. possesses a hexacyclic fused moiety with a nearly coplanar CCNN cavity involving an inverted pyrrole, which is slightly different from the CNNN ones of and involving an N-confused pyrrole.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate: a case report and literature review.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a new type of salivary gland neoplasm identified in the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumour (Skalova et al., Head Neck Pathol 16:40-53, 2022) and is characterized by a unique set of histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features and a recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion. MSA was initially misdiagnosed as another salivary gland tumour due to its similar morphology; until recently, only fewer than 50 cases were reported.

Dose-Dependent Association Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health and Changes Over Time.

Importance: Overweight and obesity affect 340 million adolescents worldwide and constitute a risk factor for poor mental health. Understanding the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health in adolescents may help to address rising mental health issues; however, existing studies lack comprehensive evaluations spanning diverse countries and periods.

Objective: To estimate the association between BMI and mental health and examine changes over time from 2002 to 2018.

The Relationship between Burnout and Sense of School Belonging among the Resident Physicians in the Standardization Training in China.

Background: As an important part in medical training in graduate school, 33-month medical residency training could be a stressful period inducing burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment).

Mono- and bis-Pd(ii) complexes of N-confused dithiahexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) with the absorption and aromaticity modulated by Pd(ii) coordination, macrocycle contraction and ancillary ligands.

To further enrich the coordination chemistry of hexaphyrins and probe the underlying property-structural correlations, N-confused dithiahexaphyrin(1.1.1.

Cu-Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective Vinylogous Mannich Reaction between β,γ-Unsaturated Pyrazoleamides and Ketimines.

A catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mannich-type reaction between β,γ-unsaturated amides and ketimines has been developed in excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The methodology provides an efficient approach to construct chiral homoallylic amines with a 3-amino-2-oxindole scaffold. Moreover, the transformations of the chiral products, including the removal of the pyrazole group or Boc group, the reduction of the C-C double bond, and Suzuki coupling, have been investigated.

Constipation preceding depression: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Constipation is generally considered a common physical symptom of depression or a side effect of antidepressant treatments. However, according to the gut-brain axis hypothesis, the association between depression and constipation might be bi-directional. This study investigated the association between premorbid constipation and depression.

Syntheses of Thiophene-Thiophene-Linked Corrorin Dimers with Tunable Near-Infrared Absorption and Distinctive Reactivity.

Thiahexaphyrinone and thia-dipyrrin-appended corrorin have been synthesized. Surprisingly, further oxidation of compound with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in dichloromethane afforded dimer with two molecules of compound linked at the α-carbon atoms of the thienyl units. Treatment of compound with DDQ in MeOH and SnCl in tetrahydrofuran/HO afforded the dimethoxy-attached dimer and hydrogenated dihydroxy-attached dimer , respectively.

A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra and pioglitazone for protein metabolism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

Background: Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) and are strongly associated with protein energy wasting. We conducted a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and pioglitazone to explore the safety, feasibility and efficacy for insulin-mediated protein metabolism in patients undergoing MHD.

Methods: Twenty-four patients were randomized to receive IL-1ra, pioglitazone or placebo for 12 weeks.

Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Against Omicron Infection Among Quarantined Close Contacts.

Importance: Assessment of additional protection of a booster dose with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is key to developing vaccination strategies for billions of people worldwide who have received the primary 2-dose regimen.

Objective: To estimate the relative effectiveness of a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against Omicron infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted among primary close contacts without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection identified in Shenzhen, China, between February and October 2022.