Direct detection of morphine in human urine by surface-ionization mass spectrometry.

Detection and analysis of drugs-of-abuse in biological fluids are the essential tasks for the law enforcement, forensic toxicology, doping research and social health. In this work, we developed a surface-ionization mass spectrometry method for direct detection of trace amount of morphine spiked in blank urine. The mass-spectrometric analysis of spiked samples was carried out without preliminary extraction and chromatographic separation.