[Detection of tuberculosis in the countries of Central Asia by the electronic monitoring system data].

The basic stages of putting into practice of tuberculosis monitoring systems in the Central Asian Region (CAC) (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz, and Tajikistan) with the assistance of the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central Asian Region Programs (CDC/CAR), and the USA Agency for International Development in 2000-2006 are considered. These stages comprised: 1) modification of accounting and reporting forms in accordance with the requirements of the uniform statistical tuberculosis registration system; 2) development, adaptation, and introduction of an electronic tuberculosis monitoring and management system (ETMMS) in the regions and countries of Central Asia; 3) epidemiological analysis of information of tuberculosis monitoring systems, by using the elements of evidence-based medicine. At present, policy electronic tuberculosis monitoring systems entirely cover the areas of three countries of the region.

[HIV infection and tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan].

The incidence of HIV infection is now recorded in all 14 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the cities of Astana and Almaty. A total of 1010 HIV-infected persons were recorded as of January 1, 2000. There were 29 patients with AIDS.

[New cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment within DOTS strategy].

Treatment outcomes were analyzed in 216 patients of whom 119 patients received the DOTS treatment, 97 had conventional therapy. No bacterial isolation was found in 88% of patients, decay cavities became closed in 61%. Due to the DOTS therapy, sputum conversion was achieved in 93% of cases, no Mycobacteria tuberculosis being found in 70.

[Stepwise biopsy in diagnosis of bronchial tuberculosis].

Stepwise forceps biopsy was used in 29 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, which may ascertain the pattern of bronchial inflammation and the pathogenetic mechanisms of extension of an abnormal process to the bronchial wall, which is important in determining treatment policy. A specific process was found to spread to the bronchial wall from the focus of lesion in the lung tissue itself in a bronchogenic fashion in most (62%) cases and from the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes by contact (38%). There are also data on the impact of controlled short-term chemotherapy in 24 patients with tuberculosis and specific bronchial lesion.

[Transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosis of infiltrative pneumonic and round lesions].

The cytological and histological studies of biopsy specimens obtained from 51 patients with infiltrative pneumonic formations in the lung (Group 1) and in 30 with its round formations (Group 2) at transbronchial intrapulmonary biopsy could verify the etiology of the disease in 86.2 and 20.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively.