[Revalence of vitamin deficiency in Tajik children].

A research of estimating the prevalence og vitamin A deficiency in Tajik children was made. At revealed that 51.8% of children of age 6-59 months suffer from vitamin A defficiency.

[Alimentary modification of catecholamine levels and status of the thiol-dependent protective system in the brain in convulsive syndrome].

Alimentary modification of CA metabolism and the activity of thiol-depended protective systems in corazol seizures have been studied. Chronic seizures causes the decrease in tissue CA levels. Rations enriched with regulators of inhibitory neurotransmitters metabolism significantly diminished above mentioned effect.

[Biochemical bases of prevention of the cytotoxic effect of xenobiotics].

Possible sources of cytotoxicity of xenobiotics and main mechanisms of realization of their damaging effect are briefly considered. Protective system of a cell is characterized with regard for the peculiarities essential for development of principles of alimentary prophylaxis of cytotoxic effects of foreign compounds. Modern approaches to alimentary modification of the processes of biotransformation of xenobiotics and promotion of protective capacities of a cell are discussed.

[Alimentary methods of maintaining the superoxide dismutase activity in the tissues of rats during growth of a transplanted tumor and administration of carminomycin].

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of three specialized food rations on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tissues of rats with transplanted Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 exposed to carminomycin. It was shown that the three specialized rations were able to significantly modify the SOD activity in the tissues of the rats with Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 at the background of treatment with carminomycin. Thus, the ration enriched with copper and zinc salts and folic acid activated SOD in the animals of all the groups.

[The influence on tumor growth and the function of the thiol-dependent systems of the liver of excess cooking fat and vitamin E in the diet. The effects of carminomycin].

A study was made of the influence of excessive culinary fat in the diet containing 30% of trans-isomers and tocopherol on tumor growth, parameters of antitumor and toxic action of carminomycin, and the state of thiol-dependent defensive systems of the liver. The data obtained have evidenced a negative influence of the experimental ration on the survival of the tumor-carriers and on the condition of the normal animals. Activation of the glutathion S-transferase system attended by the exhaustion of the thiol pool in the liver was recorded.

[Thiol-dependent protective systems in alimentary prevention of the toxic effect of carminomycin].

The state of the thiol-dependent systems i.e. concentration of the SH-groups, activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, carminomycin antitumor and toxic effects was studied under conditions of tumor growth and carminomycin therapy with the use of prophylactic rations (PR) aimed at stimulating the cell thiol-dependent and antioxidant systems for decreasing the drug toxic action.

[Effect of carminomycin on the enzyme systems of the metabolism of active forms of oxygen and on free-radical lipid oxidation in August rats with Walker carcinosarcoma 256].

The influence of carminomycin (CM) on enzymic systems of metabolism of oxygen active forms, free radical lipid peroxidation and microviscosity of membrane lipids as well as toxic and antitumour action of CM were studied in normal and tumour-bearing rats. Detected responses of the system of superoxide anion- and H2O2 metabolism reflected the role of active oxygen forms in CM toxicity. The investigation results of the lipid peroxidation fluorescent products level and microsomal lipid phase microviscosity did not suppose stimulation of lipid peroxidation as key mechanism for CM toxic effects.

[Modifying effect of nutrition on the mutagenic activity of phosphorus and fluorine compounds].

The test animals were fed with low-grade food during 2-5 months under conditions of acute and chronic action of hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen fluoride induced by inhalation, that resulted in the pronounced impairment of the chromosomal apparatus of the bone marrow cells in the rats. A principal possibility has been established of modification of the hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen fluoride cytogenetic effect by the alimentary action. In particular, it has been found that the effect is significantly higher when the rats are fed with a low-grade ration than under conditions of balanced nutrition.

[Effect of calciferol-protein deficiency on the metabolism of bone collagen].

Growing rats received rations with separate and combined deficiencies of vitamin D, protein and certain essential amino acids, during 60 days. An increment was recorded in the total amount of collagen in the tubular bones at the expense of its mature, insoluble fraction, in the presence of a decreased content of salt- and acid-soluble fractions of this protein. These shifts were more manifest in combined calciferol-protein deficiency.

[Phospholipid composition of membrane lipids of hepatic subcellular structures in rats under the effects of different nutrition and phosphorus and fluorine compounds].

A study was made of the phospholipid composition of the membranes of the rat liver nucleus, mitochondria and microsomes under the effect of different nutrition, hydrogen fluoride and phosphine. It was established that prolonged exposure to hydrogen fluoride and phosphine resulted in alterations of the phospholipid composition of the membranes of the liver nucleus, mitochondria and microsomes. The pattern of nutrition, the diet content of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine) determined not only the quantitative and qualitative composition of phospholipids but also the action of the foreign substances under study on the cell membranes.

[Effect of protein-vitamin deficiency on the enzyme activity of lipolysis and the synthesis of cholesterol esters during hypokinesia].

Balanced diet during 60-day hypokinesia leads to inhibition of lipoprotein lypase (LPLA) and liver triglyceride lypase (L-TGLA) activity of the rat blood serum. The level of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLP) grows, and suppression of lecithin-cholesteryl-acyltransferase (LCAT) activity is accompanied by reduction of the share of cholesterol derivatives with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Combined effects of protein-vitamin insufficiency and hypokinesia result in parversion of the lipolysis processes, that manifests in prevalence of L-TGLA over LPLA.

[Hypokinesia, nutrition and lipid metabolism. The effect of protein-vitamin deficiency on serum lipids and lipoproteins in hypokinesia].

Distinct alterations in the reactions responsible for development of lipoprotein hydrophobic nuclei was observed in rat of the August strain maintained for 60 days under conditions of hypokinesia on a ration, containing wheat gluten as a protein source and deficient in retinol, tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Under these conditions the ratio of activities of lipoprotein lipase and liver triglyceride lipase was altered; acylglycerols were accumulated in lipoproteins of low and very low density. Besides, cholesterol esters and their fractions were increased both in blood serum and in individual classes of lipoproteins.

[Effect of diet on transport ATPase activity in myocardial and liver membranes].

Distinct impairments were found in membranes of rat myocardium and liver tissue in animals kept on food, which was deficient in retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and essential amino acids lysine, methionine and threonine. Deficiency in these dietary components led to a decrease in content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine and in activity of total ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in membranes of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum as well as to decrease Na+, K+-ATPase activity in liver plasmatic membrane.

[Effect of the combined action of hydrogen fluoride and phosphine on the structural and functional properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of the myocardium with nutrition of varying character].

A study was made of the activity of transport ATPases of rat myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes under the conditions of different-character nutrition and under the action of hydrogen fluoride and phosphine. The combined effect of the gases under study was accompanied by activation of Ca2+ ATPase and total ATPase. The character of nutrition, the degree of its adequacy according to retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, and threonine) determined not only the activity of transport ATPases and the phospholipid content of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes but also the features of the toxic effects of hydrogen fluoride and phosphine.

[Hypokinesia, nutrition and lipid metabolism. Lipids and lipoproteins in the blood].

Long-term hypokinesia of August and Wistar Albino Glasgow rats caused some alterations in composition of total lipids and cholesterol esters both in blood serum and in individual lipoprotein fractions. The most distinct alterations were the following ones: I. increase in content of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and of low density lipoproteins (LDL), 2.

[Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA in the liver under conditions of deficient nutrition and exposure to N-nitrosopiperidine].

Effect of N-nitrosopiperidine on macromolecules was studied. Nutrition deficient in retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and essential amino acids was shown to increase the inhibitory action of N-nitrosopiperidine on synthesis of DNA and RNA liver tissue.

[Nitrogen metabolism in various forms of protein-vitamin deficiency].

Experiments were made on rats to study the effect of protein deficiency, amino acid unbalance and vitamin B1, A, E, C deficiency on the weight gain of rats, on the eating up of feed, the blood content of nitrogenous components and their excretion with urine and feces. The feeding of the diets deficient in protein, essential amino acids and vitamins leads to substantial changes in nitrogenous metabolism. Such alimentary disorders are followed by the reduced assimilability and biological value of food proteins.

[Effect of dietary protein and vitamin B group deficiencies on the calcium-binding protein content in the mucosa of the small intestine].

The content of calcium-binding protein (CBP) and calcium-binding activity of small intestinal mucoproteins were examined in growing male rats kept on the diet deficient in proteins and group B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine). CBP was isolated by means of electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel.

[Lipid metabolism disorders in the long-term consumption of a diet with wheat gluten as the protein source].

The two-month feeding of male August rats with the wheat gluten-containing diet led to an increase in the blood level of low density lipoproteins (LP), free and esterified cholesterol, free fatty acids and acylglycerides. Meanwhile the content of very low density LP and high density LP declined. Cholesterol esters showed a rise in the content of cholesterol linolenate, cholesterol oleate and cholesterol palmitate.

[Indices of calcium and phosphorus balance in different variants of protein-vitamin deficiency].

The effect of unbalanced nutrition on mineral metabolism has been demonstrated. The leading role in the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis has been found to belong to vitamin D. It has been shown, however, that retinol, thiamine, riboflavine and pyridoxine as well as polyvitamin deficiencies are capable of producing an adverse effect on the calcium and phosphorus balance.

[Effect of diets with a varying protein and vitamin D content on the lipid makeup of the liver and blood serum].

Separate and combined effect of D hypovitaminosis and poor protein diet on the parameters of lipid metabolism in the blood serum and liver was investigated experimentally in albino rats. Increased changes in the blood serum lipid metabolism parameters in combined action of the nutrients deficiency as compared with the effect of alimentary factors were demonstrated. The lipid changes in the liver of the test animals in simultaneous deficiency of protein and vitamin D were similar to those in protein deficiency.