[Early detection of cancer--genetics or immunology?].

The earliest (in preclinical stages) detection of malignant tumor process is a key factor in successful treatment of cancer. What methods and approaches are most suitable for this purpose? The paper presents current understanding of the biological basis of the process of malignancy and analyzes the comparative opportunities and prospects for early detection of cancer using molecular genetics and immunochemical approaches.

[The dynamics of alteration of liquors' proteins under malignant neoplasms].

The article presents the results of analysis of lymph and blood in 78 patients with breast cancer of I, II. III and IV stages. The content of total protein, albumins, globulins and fibrinogens was detected to study the protein balance in biological liquors under various stages of cancer.

[The improved method of portal decompression by liver cirrhosis in vivo].

The experimental study of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension syndrome, modeled in 38 dogs, has been performed. Surgical treatment aimed on the portal decompression consisted of the implantation of the Celsite port-system. The reliable portal pressure decrease was observed in the first week of the experiment (from 269.

[The use of peritoneal port-systems in the treatment of diuretic-resistant cirrhotic ascites].

Treatment results of 54 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, complicated by diuretic-resistant ascites, were analyzed. Peritoneal port-system was implanted in 12 cases, the rest 42 patients had peritoneovenous bypass with the use of Levine's valve. Port-system implantation was possible in patients with contraindications for bypass, such as low central venous and intraabdominal pressure gradient, chylous ascites, ventral hernias etc.

[Validation of spleen-saving operations and spleen re-plantation in surgical treatment of stomach cancer].

The report presents an evaluation of the surgery given to 587 stomach cancer patients at the Republican Oncological Dispensary (1995-2005). There were 2 groups--surgery for tumor combined with lymph dissection D2 and cytoreduction (R1 and R2), on the one hand, and controls (standard, palliative and diagnostic operations), on the other. Splenectomy was performed in group 1 in 71.

[Morphological peculiarities of the adipose tissue and their significance for the ultrasound lipodestruction].

Using the autopsy material obtained from 20 human corpses, the samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue of the gluteal, abdominal, inguino-ileal and axillar areas, as well as the samples of mesenterial, retroperitoneal, mediastinal, pararectal and paranephral adipose tissue was studied histologically. The average sizes of the lobes and of adipocytes were measured, and the degree of the development of connective tissue elements was determined. Adipose tissue was found to have a similar general structural plan in all the areas studied, however the differences were noted in the thickness of the interlobular connective tissue septae and in tissue vascularization.

[Liposonodestruction in spleen-saving operations in abdominal oncology].

Based on an analysis of morphological investigations the authors have shown distinctions of the adipose tissue in different topographic-anatomical areas of man. It was found that destruction of fat with an apparatus of sonolipodestruction takes different time. This technology was most efficient when used in operations on organs of the abdominal cavity, in mobilization of the spleen.

[Assessment of immediate and intermediate results of surgery for gastrointestinal tumors with hepatic metastasis].

The paper discusses the results of treatment of 316 patients with gastro-intestinal tumors metastasizing to the liver. Patients were divided into 3 groups by tumor localization (stomach, colon, rectum). The best results were reported in patients who had had cytoreductive surgery for primary tumor, radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy (42).

[High-intensity ultrasonic destruction of fatty tissue in the course of lymphatic dissection in oncological patients].

The paper discusses experimental findings in support of ultrasound destruction of fat tissue at different sites. Rate of destruction was designed to match that of development of the connective-tissue stroma of adipose tissue and size of adipose cells. Parameters of adipose tissue framework at different sites may be taken into account during extended lymph node dissection using ultrasound liposuction in oncological practice.

[Frequency of 5382insC mutation of the BRCA1 gene].

The paper assesses c5266dupC (5382insC) mutation incidence among breast cancer patients, residents of the Republic of Bashkorstan and Tyumen Region. It appeared as high as 4%.

[Differential diagnosis of hiatal hernia and cardioesophageal cancer].

Combination of hiatal hernia (HH) and esophageal cancer should not be regarded as a mere coincidence. Radio-endoscopic and morphological evidence was evaluated on 481 HH cases treated at the University Oncological Clinic in 1999-2004. The analysis identified 41 esophageal cancer patients with oncological record.

[Blood rheology in patients with gastric cancer].

Blood rheology was examined in 163 patients with gastric cancer. The 4th stage of the disease was detected in 51 of them. The following changes of blood rheology were found: changes of a blood and plasma viscosity and red blood cells hyperaggregation.

[The instrumental diagnosis of hiatal hernias].

The article treats of the problem of diagnosis of hiatal hernias. The authors have summarized the results of instrumental examination of 300 patients with hiatal hernias. Diagnostic potential is assessed of a variety of examination techniques (roentgenology, endoscopy, pH-metry, manometry) in pathology of cardia.

[Integrated diagnosis of central pulmonary cancer].

The integrative diagnosis is based on a simultaneous analysis of the data obtained by various methods of examination. Nine direct and 14 indirect symptoms of central pulmonary carcinoma were distinguished. Three introscopic complexes, that helped a correct diagnosis, were used in examinations of 147 patients with this condition.

[The efficacy of bioelectrostimulation in treating patients with burn injuries].

The paper describes the data obtained by Soviet and American physicians who took part in the treatment of patients burnt in the Bashkiria accident (an outburst of petroleum products). It was established that in deep burns bioelectrostimulation combined with early necrectomy and autodermoplasty yielded the best therapeutic results.